{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:05Z","timestamp":1786999565876,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003524","name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAWX2207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAWX2207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Limpets are abundant and ecologically important gastropods in intertidal and some riverine ecosystems, yet their role in trematode transmission remains comparatively understudied. We investigated trematode infection in intertidal limpets from Otago Harbour, New Zealand, using a molecular approach. Two species were identified: the avian schistosome\n                    <jats:italic>Gigantobilharzia<\/jats:italic>\n                    cf.\n                    <jats:italic>patagonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>Siphonaria australis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthoparyphium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. A metacercariae in\n                    <jats:italic>Notoacmea<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.\n                    <jats:italic>Gigantobilharzia<\/jats:italic>\n                    cf.\n                    <jats:italic>patagonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected at all five sampling sites, with prevalence ranging from 2.6% to 100%. Haplotype network analysis using\n                    <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed high haplotype diversity and a star-like topology, suggesting a recent population expansion. This study expanded the known diversity of marine schistosomes in the region and raises potential public health concerns with cercarial dermatitis. We also conducted a literature synthesis further demonstrating that limpets contribute to trematode transmission across 12 superfamilies and 23 families, with distinct parasitism profiles between freshwater and marine environments. These findings highlight limpets as overlooked but significant hosts in trematode ecology and emphasize the need for broader surveys and definitive host screening to resolve incomplete life cycles and assess epidemiological risks in coastal ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x26101217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T07:38:21Z","timestamp":1771832301000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hidden hosts: Limpets as key players in trematode transmission"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4036-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.-H.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01jmxt844","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01jmxt844","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1390-1206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Poulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01jmxt844","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r16","volume-title":"Collins Field Guide to the New Zealand Seashore","author":"Carson","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761992000100007"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r14","first-page":"245","article-title":"Studies on the reproduction and gonadal parasites of Fissurella pulchra (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)","volume":"36","author":"Bretos","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Veliger"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022001159"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2909.1"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r69","first-page":"225","article-title":"New snail host for Spirorchis scripta Stunkard, 1923 (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) with a note on seasonal incidence","volume":"44","author":"Turner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r63","first-page":"71","article-title":"The blood fluke Ornithobilharzia canaliculata (Rudolphi, 1819) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) from the gull Larus dominicanus at Lyttelton, New Zealand","volume":"11","author":"Rind","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mauri Ora"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1986615529"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r26","first-page":"169","article-title":"The key-hole limpets Fissurella spp, (Mollusca: Archaeogastropoda) and the clingfish Sicyases sanguineus (Pisces: Gobiesocidae) are sequential hosts of Proctoeces lintoni (Digenea: Fellodistomidae) in Chile","volume":"71","author":"George-Nascimento","year":"1998","journal-title":"Revista Chilena Chilena De Historia Natural"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330909510044"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01650528809360760"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2017.01.026"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.05.010"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182021001943"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0768:PIPLFA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-023-00286-9"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-06032013000400003"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000600021"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531206"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X10000404"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r21","first-page":"227","article-title":"Eine neue Gymnophallus-Metacercarie und ihre Haufigkeitsverteilung in Patinigera polaris der Sudshetlands (Antarktis)","volume":"27","author":"Feiler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Angewandte Parasitologie"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1266405"},{"key":"S0022149X26101217_r47","first-page":"121","article-title":"Ozernaia chashechka Acroloxus lacustris (sem. 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