{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:01:27Z","timestamp":1793318487473,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":145,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Proterodiplostominae Dubois, 1936 is a small but evolutionarily significant lineage of diplostomid trematodes that primarily parasitize crocodilians, with fishes acting as second intermediate or paratenic hosts. In Peru, knowledge of this group has been limited to the record of adult specimens of\n                    <jats:italic>Proterodiplostomum longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Brandes, 1888) recovered from\n                    <jats:italic>Caiman crocodilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Linnaeus, 1758 (Sauropsida: Alligatoridae) in the Loreto region, and molecular evidence linking larval and adult stages has been absent. The present study provides the first integrative morphological and molecular characterization of Proterodiplostominae metacercariae infecting siluriform fishes in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Metacercariae were collected from\n                    <jats:italic>Hoplosternum littorale<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Hancock, 1828) (Callichthyidae) and\n                    <jats:italic>Pterygoplichthys pardalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Castelnau, 1855) (Loricariidae) and examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, together with partial 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of 28S rDNA demonstrated that three isolates clustered within a strongly supported clade containing reference sequences of\n                    <jats:italic>P. longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    from crocodilian hosts, with minimal genetic divergence (\u22640.536%), confirming their conspecificity. This study therefore provides the first molecularly supported record of\n                    <jats:italic>P. longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    metacercariae in Peruvian fishes and clarifies a previously undocumented component of its life cycle. In addition, phylogenetic analyses revealed two distinct evolutionary lineages (designated herein as Proterodiplostominae gen. sp. 4 and gen. sp. 5) exhibiting 9.882% mitochondrial divergence, suggesting previously unrecognized diversity within the subfamily. These findings expand the known host range of\n                    <jats:italic>P. longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , provide new genetic data for larval stages of Proterodiplostominae in the Neotropics, and highlight the importance of integrative approaches for resolving life-cycle stages and species boundaries in Diplostomidae.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x26101552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T13:24:17Z","timestamp":1779801857000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrative morphological and molecular characterization of Proterodiplostominae metacercariae (Digenea: Diplostomidae) infecting siluriform fishes in the Peruvian Amazon Basin"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Huaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006vs7897","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria cruce con Av. Venezuela cuadra 34"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"\u00d1acari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04eyc6d95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7796-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Silvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006vs7897","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria cruce con Av. Venezuela cuadra 34"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7795-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006vs7897","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria cruce con Av. Venezuela cuadra 34"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Yunis-Aguinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xr5we72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Instituto del Mar del Per\u00fa"},{"name":"Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6244-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Morey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010ywy128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana (IIAP)"},{"name":"Universidad Nacional de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana (UNAP)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006vs7897","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria cruce con Av. Venezuela cuadra 34"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.L.","family":"Cruces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mb17771","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.L.","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03490as77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3633-1365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.D.","family":"Chero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006vs7897","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria cruce con Av. Venezuela cuadra 34"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r13","volume-title":"FigTree v1.3.1","author":"Rambaut","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X19000646"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2775.1"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022001214"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r18","unstructured":"Orfinger, AB (2015) Selected population characteristics of the non-native catfish Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) in Central Florida, USA. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 3, 258\u2013262."},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r4","first-page":"5","article-title":"Les diplostomes de reptiles (Trematoda: Proterodiplostomidae nov. fam.) du Mus\u00e9e de Vienne","volume":"61","author":"Dubois","year":"1936","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Neuch\u00e2teloise des Sciences Naturelles"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118202100216X"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X16000717"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13157-011-0183-6"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X25100473"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r17","unstructured":"WoRMS (2026). Proterodiplostominae Dubois, 1936. Accessed at: https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1444916 on 2026-03-02."},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r6","volume-title":"South American Trematodes Parasites of Amphibians and Reptiles","author":"Fernandes","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r5","first-page":"39","article-title":"R\u00e9vision et nouvelle cl\u00e9 de d\u00e9terminations des diplostomes de reptiles","volume":"102","author":"Dubois","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Neuch\u00e2teloise des Sciences Naturelles"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-016-9680-6"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r15","volume-title":"A biodiversidade das esp\u00e9cies de Diplostomoidea (Trematoda: Digenea: Diplostomida) em peixes de \u00e1gua doce no Brasil: uma abordagem integrativa","author":"Taborda","year":"2020"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851995472.0215"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-020-09928-2"},{"key":"S0022149X26101552_r19","unstructured":"Reis, RE (1997) Revision of the neotropical catfish genus Hoplosternum (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Callichthyidae), with the description of two new genera and three new species. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 7, 299\u2013326."}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X26101552","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T13:24:20Z","timestamp":1779801860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X26101552\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["S0022149X26101552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x26101552","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e52"}}