{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:02:29Z","timestamp":1789383749065,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":256,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gastrointestinal parasitic infections adversely affect the health and well-being of animals worldwide. The limitations of the efficacy of pharmaceutical anthelmintics underscore the importance of finding alternative approaches to reduce the impact of parasitism on hosts. Investigating the anthelmintic properties of bioactive plants could be one way to contribute to this effort. The present study evaluates\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    the activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>Setaria barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the four free-living life stages of\n                    <jats:italic>Ancylostoma caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the primary gastrointestinal nematode of dogs. After preparing the extracts, phytochemical tests were conducted to identify secondary metabolites based on colour and precipitation reactions specific to each metabolite present in the extracts. Serial dilution of the extract allowed us to obtain five test concentrations, which were used for egg embryonation, egg hatching, and larval mortality assays. Fresh eggs, embryonated eggs, and L\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and L\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    larvae of\n                    <jats:italic>A. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    from a naturally infected dog were incubated for 24 hours with 5 concentrations of\n                    <jats:italic>Setaria barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts, while the embryonated eggs were incubated for 6 hours. 0.5% DMSO and distilled water were used as negative controls. At the end of this period, the number of non-embryonated eggs, unhatched eggs, and dead L\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and L\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    larvae was recorded. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids were identified in the three extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>S. barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The presence of triterpenes and steroids, however, varied depending on the solvent used for extraction. The extracts proved more effective on embryonated eggs than on fresh eggs; the aqueous macerated extract thus resulted in 100% inhibition of egg hatching at a concentration of 0.625 mg\/mL, with the lowest IC\u2085\u2080 (0.31 mg\/mL). L\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -stage larvae were more sensitive to the various extract concentrations than L\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    -stage larvae. The ethanolic extract caused 100% mortality in L\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -stage larvae, with an LC\u2085\u2080 of 0.48 mg\/mL. Extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>Setaria barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                    contain compounds with bio-ovicidal and bio-larvicidal properties. These extracts could be sprayed in dog kennels and in the wild as a disinfectant to eliminate the pre-infectious forms of gastrointestinal nematodes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these extracts in a complete biological system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x26101886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:02:39Z","timestamp":1789380159000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                    anthelminthic potential of\n                    <i>Setaria barbata<\/i>\n                    (Poaceae) extracts on\n                    <i>Ancylostoma caninum<\/i>\n                    , a gastrointestinal nematode of dogs"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2637-4858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Mbogning Tayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zr5jr81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.S.","family":"Nguepnang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0566t4z20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Dschang"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.G.","family":"Tsila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0566t4z20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Dschang"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.F.","family":"Djouela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0566t4z20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Dschang"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.J.","family":"Atiokeng Tatang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0566t4z20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Dschang"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Yondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0566t4z20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Dschang"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r12","first-page":"121","article-title":"In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) on Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda: Heligmosomatidae)","volume":"4","author":"Mbogning Tayo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r6","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evaluation of ovicidal and larvicidal activities of methylene chloride extract of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) stem bark on Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda, Heligmosomatidae)","volume":"14","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r7","first-page":"1","article-title":"The detection of three independent benzimidazole resistance mutations in a single Ancylostoma caninum population from a Golden Retriever breeding kennel in Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"31","author":"Dini","year":"2026","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r15","first-page":"809","volume-title":"Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals","author":"Soulsby","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.10.012"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r5","first-page":"2155","article-title":"Effet diff\u00e9renci\u00e9 du chien d\u2019assistance selon la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l\u2019autisme chez l\u2019enfant","volume":"112","author":"Charlotte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revue de Psychoeducation. Parasitol Research"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r18","unstructured":"Wabo, PJ (2007) Effet des extraits de Canthium manii Hiern, 1877 (Rubiac\u00e9es) sur deux nematodes parasite stronglylide: Ankylostoma caninum et Heligmosoides polygyrus. Unpublished PhD thesis, D\u00e9partement de Biologie et Physiologie Animales, Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I, Cameroun. 153 pp."},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.053"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r14","first-page":"496","article-title":"Activit\u00e9s ovicides et larvicides in vitro de l\u2019\u00e9corce de tige de Terminalia glaucescens (Combretaceae) contre Haemonchus contortus","volume":"5","author":"Payne","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Plant Sciences"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PAVSNNR201510008"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r16","unstructured":"Thienpont, D , Rochette, F and Vanparijs, OFJ (2003) Diagnosing helminthiasis by coprological examination. In Janssen Animal Health, 3rd edn."},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r8","first-page":"61","article-title":"Screening phytochimique d\u2019une end\u00e9mique ib\u00e9ro-marocaine, Thymelaea lythroides","volume":"142","author":"Dohou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pharmacie de Bordeaux"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Larva migrans cut\u00e1nea","volume":"99","author":"Alcain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista Argentina de Dermatolog\u00eda"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902019000417129"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r11","first-page":"15","article-title":"Antibacterial and antifungal properties of whole plant extracts of Setaria barbata (Poaceae) and of leaves and fruits of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae)","volume":"12","author":"Fogue Totzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011146"},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r19","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization) (2013) Strat\u00e9gie de l\u2019OMS pour la m\u00e9decine traditionnelle pour 2014\u20132023. Gen\u00e8ve. 72."},{"key":"S0022149X26101886_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11101313"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X26101886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:02:43Z","timestamp":1789380163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X26101886\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["S0022149X26101886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x26101886","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e94"}}