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This study aimed to reveal the role of host and environment as determinants of nematode species compositional similarity among three rodent taxa (\n                    <jats:italic>Rhabdomys<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Micaelamys namaquensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Otomys unisulcatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) that occur sympatrically in the Fynbos and Succulent Karoo biomes of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. In total, eight monoxenous and three heteroxenous nematode species were recorded. Seven species occurred in\n                    <jats:italic>Rhabdomys<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., six in\n                    <jats:italic>M. namaquensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and five in\n                    <jats:italic>O. unisulcatus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Nematode communities were more similar between\n                    <jats:italic>Rhabdomys<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Otomys<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which also share comparable microhabitats.\n                    <jats:italic>Nematodirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Neoheligmonella capensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , both with free-living larval stages, contributed strongly to between-host differences that were also correlated with low-lying habitat use. However, part of the between-host differences in species assemblages reflects host-restricted\n                    <jats:italic>Syphacia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. The influence of environmental factors on the composition of nematode infracommunities was also contingent on host life history. Overall, host diet, microhabitat use, as well as social and spatial behaviour appeared to exert a strong influence on the composition of nematode infracommunities. Results suggest that microhabitat use plays an important role in nematode community assembly, although direct environmental covariates were not formally analysed. Since between-host dissimilarities were influenced by host-restricted nematode species, habitat-driven patterns should be interpreted after accounting for host identity. The data generated here contribute to a broader understanding of the ecological niches preferred by parasitic nematodes of rodents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x26102077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:59:21Z","timestamp":1789718361000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intra- and intertaxon similarity of nematode assemblages among sympatric rodents differing ecologically"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7618-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Schlemmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8813-9549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"van der 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