{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:06:16Z","timestamp":1789729576815,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":260,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010613","name":"Taipei Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107-1604-008-400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107-1604-008-400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Preschool children in the Kingdom of Eswatini are excluded from the national school-based deworming programme and had never been surveyed for parasitic infection. During June 2019 we conducted a cross-sectional baseline survey of 261 children (mean age 4.8 \u00b1 0.75 years) attending 16 kindergartens and community care points across 4 provinces.\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobius vermicularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was sought on peri-anal cellophane\/Scotch-tape swabs (n = 261);\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    in single urine specimens by the chamber-tube microscope-slide (CTMS) sedimentation method (n = 232); and intestinal helminths and protozoa in single stool specimens by the merthiolate\u2013iodine\u2013formaldehyde (MIF) concentration method (n = 175). Pinworm prevalence was 3.8% (10\/261) and did not differ by sex (p = 0.76) or province (p = 0.83).\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ova were found in 0.9% (2\/232), both in boys from recognised endemic foci. Intestinal parasites were detected in 41.1% (72\/175), with no significant sex (p = 0.64) or regional (p = 0.70) variation; protozoa predominated (97.2% of positives) over helminths (4.2%; all\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), the commonest species being\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (61.1%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (34.7%). These first baseline data reveal a high burden of intestinal protozoa alongside a low but measurable burden of pinworm and urogenital schistosomiasis in Eswatini preschool children, and support extending screening and preventive chemotherapy to this previously unmonitored age group using the simple, field-deployable cellophane-swab, CTMS and MIF methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x26102260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:53:09Z","timestamp":1789728789000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiological screening of pinworm, schistosomiasis, and intestinal parasites in Eswatini preschoolers"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5579-8169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.-K.","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05031qk94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Taipei Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.-M.","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05031qk94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Taipei Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4966-3775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.N.","family":"Mathobela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of 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