{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:19:52Z","timestamp":1790745592050,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":30725,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1925,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) It is impossible to distinguish the lesions of melioidosis from those of glanders by means of inspection with the naked eye or even with the microscope.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(2) The symptoms and course of the two diseases are similar. Melioidosis generally runs a more acute course.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(3) The mallein test was applied in a case of chronic human melioidosis and gave a positive reaction. The mallein was obtained from Java.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(4) The blood of this chronic case agglutinated the Muktesar and Java strains of <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> to full titre and the Minett strain to 10 per cent, of this amount. One of these strains (Muktesar) absorbed the agglutinins for the homologous bacillus.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(5) There are very few horses in the Federated Malay States. Melioidosis is primarily a disease of rodents. All attempts to infect horses have been unsuccessful.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(6) Melioidosis broke out spontaneously among the rabbits, guinea-pigs and rats at the Institute for Medical Research in 1913. The animals became infected through eating contaminated food.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(7) Cases of infection in wild rats and in a domestic cat have occurred far away from this laboratory and independently of it.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(8) Rabbits, guinea-pigs and rats have been infected experimentally, by feeding, by subcutaneous inoculation, by scarification and by the application of infective material to the nasal mucosa.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(9) <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic>, whose growth in cultures occur in two forms, a commoner corrugated form and a mucoid form which gives origin to the corrugated type.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(10) <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic> differs from <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> in the following particulars. It is actively motile. It forms a corrugated growth on glycerine agar, a white opaque growth on ordinary agar and a pellicle on the surface of broth. It grows more rapidly than <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>, and it liquefies gelatine in a few days.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(11) <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic> resembles <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> in the following particulars. The morphology of the organisms is similar. Young cultures of the mucoid form are indistinguishable from <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>, by inspection. The growth of the mucoid form on potato is similar. The action on milk and carbohydrates differs in degree only. Both organisms produce Strauss's reaction in guinea-pigs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(12) Five strains of <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> were compared with fourteen strains of <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic>. The cultures of <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> comprised three from the National Collection at the Lister Institute, one from Muktesar and one from Java. The cultures of <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic> had been isolated, some from human cases of melioidosis and some from animals which had acquired the disease naturally.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(13) The serological reactions of these organisms, namely agglutination, absorption and complement-fixation tests, showed that the cultures of <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic> were a homogeneous group, but the five strains of <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> were sharply divided into two sub-groups by their serological reactions. One sub-group includes the Muktesar and Java strains; the other comprises the three strains from the National Collection (Minett, Egypt and A.).<\/jats:p><jats:p>(14) The first sub-group of <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> is very closely related to <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic>. The serological reactions of the strain from Muktesar are almost identical with those of <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(15) The three strains of <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> from the National Collection, which form the second sub-group, are only distantly related to the Muktesar sub group and to <jats:italic>B. whitmori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400034252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T08:42:16Z","timestamp":1242376936000},"page":"347-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Melioidosis and its Relation to Glanders"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"A. T.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022172400034252_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400005234"},{"key":"S0022172400034252_ref002","first-page":"286","volume":"L","author":"Knapp","year":"1915","journal-title":"Indian Med. Gaz."},{"key":"S0022172400034252_ref003","first-page":"196","volume":"II","author":"Stanton","year":"1921","journal-title":"Trans. Far East. Assoc. Trop. Med. 4th Congr."},{"key":"S0022172400034252_ref001","first-page":"219","volume":"XXXIV","author":"Fletcher","year":"1920","journal-title":"Journ. Roy. Army Med. Corps"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022172400034252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,9]],"date-time":"2019-06-09T20:18:25Z","timestamp":1560111505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022172400034252\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1925,4]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1925,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022172400034252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022172400034252","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1925,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Cambridge University Press 1925","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}