{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:19:03Z","timestamp":1778213943869,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12522,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hyg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rainbow trout and specimens of pond mud were collected from three fish farms and examined for the presence of<jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum.<\/jats:italic>Two of the farms were constructed with concrete channels and one was mud-bottomed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Cl. botulinum<\/jats:italic>was isolated only from the mud-bottomed farm (24% of muds), and the isolates were all non-proteolytic type B. The implications of the presence of<jats:italic>Cl. botulinum<\/jats:italic>spores in the mud of fish farms is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400046647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T09:58:06Z","timestamp":1242381486000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["<i>Clostridium botulinum<\/i>in Scottish fish farms and farmed trout"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"G. F.","family":"Burns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400009402"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1963.tb01153.x"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197311082891904"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref004","first-page":"246","article-title":"The growth and toxin production of Cl. botulinum type E in certain vacuum-packed fish","volume":"47","author":"Cann","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bulletin of the International Institute of Refrigeration"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref018","first-page":"84","article-title":"Eine einfache Methode zum Nachweis von Botulinustoxinen und bazillen","volume":"4","author":"Zeller","year":"1964","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Lebensmittelhygiene"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.72.4.455-460.1956","article-title":"Activation of Clostridium botulinum type E toxin by trypsin","volume":"72","author":"Duff","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref003","unstructured":"Cann D. C. , Wilson B. B. , Hobbs G. & Shewan J. M. (1966). Botulism 1966. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Food Microbiology, Moscow. London:Chapman and Hall,1967."},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-70-3-517"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref012","first-page":"281","article-title":"The status of botulism as a world health problem","volume":"15","author":"Meyer","year":"1956","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.21.2.295-299.1971","article-title":"Antigenic relationships among the proteolytic and non-proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum","volume":"21","author":"Solomon","year":"1971","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref008","unstructured":"Kautter D. & Bartram M. (1966). Botulism 1966. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Food Microbiology, Moscow. London:Chapman and Hall,1967."},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1968.tb00399.x"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.95.5.1542-1547.1968","article-title":"Possible origin of the high incidence of Cl. botulinum type E in an inland bay (Green Bay of Lake Michigan)","volume":"95","author":"Bott","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref005","first-page":"187","article-title":"Recent observations on type E botulism","volume":"48","author":"Dolman","year":"1957","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-60-1-117"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700750208"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref015","first-page":"131","article-title":"Teichforellen als Tr\u00e4ger von Clostridium botulinum und Ursache von Botulismus. 4. Kontaminationsquellen und -wege in Teichwirtschaften und Bearbeitungsbetrichen M\u00f6glichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Hygiene","volume":"22","author":"Wenzel","year":"1971","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Lebensmittelhygiene"},{"key":"S0022172400046647_ref016","first-page":"91","article-title":"Teichforellen als Tr\u00e4gervon Clostridium botulinum und Ursache von Botulismus. 2. Materiel und Methode eigener Untersuchungen","volume":"22","author":"Wenzel","year":"1971","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Lebensmittelhygiene"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022172400046647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T05:13:02Z","timestamp":1589778782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022172400046647\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022172400046647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022172400046647","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1724","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Cambridge University Press 1975","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}