{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T16:18:18Z","timestamp":1732033098311},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255910400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8845,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hyg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lancefield group A streptococci isolated from recent outbreaks and sporadic cases of scarlet fever were restricted to the following M types 1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, 22 and 66. These strains were examined for the presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE) types A, B and C by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and by immunoprecipitation in agar gels. SPE B was produced by 70% of the strains and SPEC by 40%. SPE A could not be detected in these strains. In contrast, SPE type A was found in 4 of 10 strains, held by the NCTC, that had been isolated before 1940 from patients with scarlet fever. Nine of 12 recent isolates from patients with sore throat uncomplicated by a rash produced SPE C and 4 of these also produced SPE B.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400062276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T12:53:34Z","timestamp":1255956814000},"page":"47-57","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The production of pyrogenic exotoxins by group A streptococci"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Gillian","family":"Hallas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref019","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Bacterial Protein Toxins","volume":"III","author":"Watson","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref002","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Basic Concepts of Streptococci and Streplococcal Diseases","author":"Gerlach","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1973.tb03798.x"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref011","first-page":"513","article-title":"International survey of the distribution of serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci)","volume":"37","author":"Parker","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organisation"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref007","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Pathogenic Streptococci","author":"Kaneko","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-16-1-13"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref010","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Communicable Disease Statistics"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref013","first-page":"265","article-title":"Epidemiology of group A streptococcal infections \u2013 their changing frequency and severity","volume":"55","author":"Quinn","year":"1982","journal-title":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref018","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Pathogenic Streptococci","author":"Watson","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.27.2.444-448.1980","article-title":"Growth characteristics of group A streptococci in a new chemically defined medium","volume":"27","author":"Van de Rijn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.131.3.611"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref009","first-page":"vii","article-title":"Scarlet feverin Shetland: December 1979 to April 1980","volume":"21","author":"MacGregor","year":"1980","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Scotland"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400043308"},{"key":"S0022172400062276_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.27.2.177","article-title":"Studies on scarlet fever. 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