{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:47:29Z","timestamp":1761662849881},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,25]],"date-time":"2010-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269475200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9976,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hyg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen of 98 samples of mud or sand taken from the Mersey estuary in 1981 contained <jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic> type C, the organism almost always responsible for botulism in water birds. In the Dungeon and Score Bank areas, where many dead and dying birds were found during the period September\u2013December 1979, almost half the samples contained type C. Most of the positive samples were essentially muddy rather than sandy. The findings do not prove that botulism contributed to the 1979 mortality but are nonetheless thought-provoking, particularly because type C \u2013 unlike type B \u2013 is by no means ubiquitous in Britain. Type B was present in 12\u00b72% of samples from the Mersey estuary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400071072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,25]],"date-time":"2010-03-25T09:12:21Z","timestamp":1269508341000},"page":"507-511","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Clostridium botulinum<\/i> type C in the Mersey estuary"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"G. R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet C.","family":"Oliphant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400024438"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400024906"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-6.4.205"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100.6.106"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-3.1.26"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)33381-X"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3797385"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240005590X"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref003","unstructured":"Head P. C. , D'Arcy B. J. & Osbaldeston P. J. (1980). The Mersey estuary bird mortality, autumn-winter 1979: summary report. North West Water Scientific Report DSS-EST-80\u20132."},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref005","first-page":"183","article-title":"Will botulism become a world-wide hazard to wild fowl?","volume":"87","author":"Kalmbach","year":"1935","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref009","first-page":"97","article-title":"Botulism in waterfowl","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"1982","journal-title":"Animal Disease in Relation to Animal Conservation"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref013","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Toxic Microorganisms","author":"Sugiyama","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0022172400071072_ref007","first-page":"14","article-title":"An outbreak of botulism in waterfowl at the area of the Naka river in Tokyo","volume":"26","author":"Sakai","year":"1975","journal-title":"Annual Report of the Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022172400071072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T16:13:00Z","timestamp":1558714380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022172400071072\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022172400071072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022172400071072","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1724","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Cambridge University Press 1982","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}