{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:44:16Z","timestamp":1760982256555},"reference-count":444,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]],"date-time":"2007-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22490,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1945,12]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215100045965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]],"date-time":"2007-06-29T19:34:50Z","timestamp":1183145690000},"page":"461-500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Congenital Choanal Atresia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Durward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. C.","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Polson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref442","first-page":"1034","volume":"liv","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1920","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref441","first-page":"21","volume":"xvii","author":"Ziem","year":"1883","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref440","unstructured":"Zaufal E. , Mschr. Ohrenheilk., 1879, cited Haag from Schwendt; left bony atresia; M. 14."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref439","first-page":"837\u201340","author":"Zaufal","year":"1876","journal-title":"Prag. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref438","first-page":"205","volume":"iii","author":"Zanni","year":"1933","journal-title":"Oto\u2013rino\u2013laning., ital."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100023926"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref429","unstructured":"Wildenberg , Van Den , 1921; cited Vogel; \u201cEinige F\u00e4lle von angeborener Choanalatresie \u201d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-191808000-00003","volume":"xxviii","author":"White","year":"1918","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref425","first-page":"201","volume":"xv","author":"Weaver","year":"1909","journal-title":"Hom\u0153op. Eye, Ear and Throat J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1932.00630040804002"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref419","first-page":"113","volume":"lx","author":"Vulowitsch","year":"1926","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref417","first-page":"S.260","volume-title":"Die Anwendung der Galvano-kaustik","author":"Voltolini","year":"1871"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref414","unstructured":"Vatilla , 1912; cited Mouret and Cazejust; \u201cUn cas d'occlusion membraneuse cong\u00e9nitale des choanes\u201d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref413","author":"Ullmann","year":"1899","journal-title":"Index-Cat. Surg. Gen."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref412","first-page":"174","volume":"xxviii","author":"Uffenorde","year":"1937","journal-title":"Der Hals.-Nasen und Ohrenarzt."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref411","first-page":"1321","volume":"xlv","author":"Uffenorde","year":"1911","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref410","first-page":"475","volume":"i","author":"Uffenorde","year":"1908","journal-title":"Z. Laryng. Rhinol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref409","first-page":"317","volume":"li","author":"Turtur","year":"1933","journal-title":"Boll. Mal. Orecch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref197","first-page":"607","volume":"xlii","author":"Jacques","year":"1921","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref194","first-page":"332","volume":"xvi","author":"Iwanoff","year":"1904","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin., Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref193","first-page":"189","volume":"xiii","author":"Ingersoll","year":"1904","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref024","volume":"xxxix","author":"Baumgarten","year":"1889","journal-title":"Wien med. Wschr"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref278","first-page":"173","volume":"x","author":"Morf","year":"1900","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin., Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref186","first-page":"235","volume":"xxxvii","author":"Hopmann","year":"1888","journal-title":"Arch. kim. Chir."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref183","unstructured":"Hochheim K. E. H. , Griefswald , 1903; Index-Cat. Surg. Gen., cited Brunk, Kahier and White; bilateral bony atresia, M. ?age."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref289","first-page":"160","volume":"xxii","author":"O'malley","year":"1928","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref307","unstructured":"Pluder F. , Leipzig, 1896, also Festschr. \u00e4rz. Vereins, Hamb., 1896, S.219\u201338; Index Medicus; cited Haag and Baurowicz; left bony atresia; F. 16."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref175","unstructured":"Hecht , Dem. Soc. Oto-laryng., Munich, 3 03, 1902."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref424","first-page":"306","volume":"xv","author":"Watson","year":"1891","journal-title":"Trans. med. Soc., Lond."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref170","first-page":"172","volume":"xx","author":"Hamilton","year":"1905","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref104","first-page":"130","volume":"viii","author":"Dennis","year":"1911","journal-title":"Colo. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref169","first-page":"172","volume":"xx","author":"Hamilton","year":"1905","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref339","first-page":"948","volume":"xxxv","author":"Roth","year":"1926","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref337","first-page":"159","volume":"xxii","author":"Rose","year":"1928","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref166","first-page":"24","volume":"xxi","author":"Halle","year":"1911","journal-title":"Verh. dtschr. laryng. Ges."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref070","first-page":"1028","volume":"xxi","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"1935","journal-title":"Rev. m\u00e9d. lat.-amer."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref443","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Anatomie Normale et pathologique des fosses nasales","volume":"i","author":"Zuckerkandl","year":"1895"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hems J. K. , Marburg, 1893; Index-Cat. Surg. Gen.; cited Haag and Schoetz; right bony atresia; M. 17.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-189301002-00001"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref055","first-page":"49","volume":"xxxiii","author":"Brady","year":"1918","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref159","first-page":"682","volume":"lx","author":"Grove","year":"1934","journal-title":"Virginia med. (Semi-)Mon."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref145","first-page":"73","volume":"xxxvi","author":"Giannone","year":"1918","journal-title":"Boll. Mal. Orecch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref100","unstructured":"Davis A. D. , pers. commun. to Donnelly; unilateral bony atresia; F. 25."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref421","first-page":"233","volume":"iii","author":"Waldow","year":"1895","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin., Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref155","first-page":"155","volume":"viii","author":"Grant","year":"1894","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref154","first-page":"717","volume":"xlv","author":"Gradenigo","year":"1897","journal-title":"G. Accad. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref152","volume":"viii","author":"Gougenheim","year":"1894","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref098","first-page":"309","volume":"iv","author":"D'Ambrosio","year":"1890","journal-title":"Progresso Medico."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref147","first-page":"205","volume":"xxiv","author":"Gilse","year":"1936","journal-title":"Acta. Ololaryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1932.03570030459012"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-192704000-00002","volume":"xxxvii","author":"Garretson","year":"1927","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref180","first-page":"935","volume":"xv","author":"Heymann","year":"1904","journal-title":"Berl. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4073.157"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref243","first-page":"1128","volume":"xxxii","author":"Lebensohn","year":"1923","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref139","first-page":"347","volume":"xlv","author":"Frazer","year":"1911","journal-title":"J. Anat., Lond."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref176","first-page":"655","volume":"ii","author":"Hecht","year":"1902","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref226","first-page":"988","volume":"xxxv","author":"Koenigstein","year":"1907","journal-title":"Medycyna"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref132","unstructured":"Feldmann , 1922; cited Vogel; right bony atresia."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref003","unstructured":"Ackermann or Aakermann cited Haag; right atresia; infant, 1 month."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref128","first-page":"1199","volume":"vii","author":"Fallas","year":"1928","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref294","volume-title":"Monstrorum sexFentorum descriptio anatomica","author":"Otto","year":"1841"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref101","first-page":"137","volume":"xxv","author":"Davis","year":"1910","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref233","first-page":"1153","volume":"lxvi","author":"Labhardt","year":"1936","journal-title":"Schweiz. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref377","first-page":"58","volume":"xlxix","author":"Siebenmann","year":"1899","journal-title":"Wien. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1198695"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref129","unstructured":"Fein J. , Dem. Wien. laryng. Gesellsch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref292","unstructured":"\u00f3nodi A. , left incomplete osseo-cartilaginous atresia; M. 18."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref124","unstructured":"Escat E. , reference to personal cases."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref171","first-page":"1307","volume":"xlix","author":"Hanausek","year":"1910","journal-title":"\u010cas. L\u00e9k. \u010des."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref418","first-page":"2443","volume":"ii","author":"Voss","year":"1910","journal-title":"M\u00fcnch. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref361","first-page":"1295","volume":"lxvii","author":"Schmiegelow","year":"1915","journal-title":"Ugeskr. Laeg."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref299","first-page":"114","volume":"iii","author":"Paterson","year":"1909","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref046","first-page":"73","volume":"xiv","author":"Borghesan","year":"1938","journal-title":"Valsalva"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref118","first-page":"29","volume":"xi","author":"Escat","year":"1896","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref319","unstructured":"Precechtel A. , 1938; cited Kelly D. B., transpalatal operation for atresia."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01583544"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref142","first-page":"1045","volume":"xliii","author":"Galand","year":"1924","journal-title":"Ann. Mal. Oreil. Larynx."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref115","unstructured":"Emmert C. , \u201cLehrbuch d. Chir.,\u201d Stuttgart, 1853, Bd. 11, S.535; cited Luschka and others; bilateral bony atresia; M. 7; first clinical report and surgical cure."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)66667-4"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref150","unstructured":"Gottstein , 1887; cited Haag; dem. of bony atresia."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref156","first-page":"34","volume":"xiii","author":"Grant","year":"1919","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref114","first-page":"497","volume":"lii","author":"Elmiger","year":"1922","journal-title":"Schweiz. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref113","first-page":"497","volume":"lii","author":"Elmiger","year":"1922","journal-title":"Schweiz. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref237","first-page":"970","volume":"xlvi","author":"Lang","year":"1912","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref107","first-page":"137","volume":"xlvi","author":"Dionisio","year":"1895","journal-title":"G. Accad. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref213","first-page":"583","volume":"xlv","author":"Kearney","year":"1936","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref106","first-page":"169","volume":"vi","author":"Dicore","year":"1932","journal-title":"Rass. ital. Oto-rino-laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref216","first-page":"1701","volume":"ii","author":"Kelly","year":"1910","journal-title":"Brit. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref242","first-page":"146","volume":"cxxvi","author":"Lannois","year":"1917","journal-title":"Lyon med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM191902061800604"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1942.00670010608008"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref103","first-page":"461","volume":"xxix","author":"Decker","year":"1925","journal-title":"Atlant. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref185","first-page":"235","volume":"xxxvii","author":"Hopmann","year":"1888","journal-title":"Arch. kim. Chir."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref153","first-page":"43","volume":"lxviii","author":"G\u00f6z","year":"1913","journal-title":"Z. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref436","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100023926"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref309","first-page":"416","author":"Polson","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref109","first-page":"299","volume":"xlvi","author":"Downie","year":"1896","journal-title":"Glas. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref265","first-page":"193","volume":"xvi","author":"McNaught","year":"1918","journal-title":"Calif. St. J. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref138","first-page":"1698","volume":"ii","author":"Fraser","year":"1910","journal-title":"Brit. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref099","first-page":"32","author":"Daubret","year":"1900","journal-title":"Th\u00e9se Paris"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016482509123447"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)00952-7"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM190804021581403"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-194203000-00005"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref271","first-page":"14","volume":"lvii","author":"Martini","year":"1939","journal-title":"Boll. Mal Orecch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref031","unstructured":"Bellin and Leroux , cited Attal: Balla: Theessen; incomplete bilateral membranous atreia, M. 24."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref079","first-page":"1473","volume":"xxxv","author":"Chiari","year":"1885","journal-title":"Wien. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref110","unstructured":"Egeberg , 1877; cited Bilancioni; \u201cOcclusio choanorum\u201d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref314","first-page":"129","volume":"xix","author":"Porter","year":"1906","journal-title":"Edinb. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref306","first-page":"501","article-title":"(Bohemia)","volume":"i","author":"Piffl","year":"1910","journal-title":"M\u00fcnch. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1925.02670050001001"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref064","first-page":"326","volume":"x","author":"Calamida","year":"1904","journal-title":"G. Accad. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref430","unstructured":"Wilkerson T. B. , 1882, cited Clark J. P., Hart, and Hubbell; \u201cBony occlusion of both posterior nares. Perforation of the septum with the revolving trochar; successful \u201d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref288","unstructured":"Obert\u00fcschen (Crefeld), 1887; cited Haag; right bony atresia, M. 23."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref331","first-page":"1216","volume":"xliii","author":"Roberts","year":"1944","journal-title":"U.S. Nav. M. Bull."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref359","first-page":"442","volume":"xxxlV","author":"Schmiegelow","year":"1900","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref029","first-page":"174","volume":"xiv","author":"Beausqleil","year":"1893","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Anat. Physiol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref141","author":"Fritts","year":"1898","journal-title":"Trans. med. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref225","first-page":"2142","volume":"i","author":"Koch","year":"1911","journal-title":"Nederl. Tijdschr. Geneesk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref326","first-page":"488","volume":"xxii","author":"Richardson","year":"1913","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref372","first-page":"105","volume":"xxxi","author":"Schwendt","year":"1897","journal-title":"Mschr; Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref196","first-page":"607","volume":"xlii","author":"Jacques","year":"1921","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref192","first-page":"1002","volume":"lxxii","author":"Hutter","year":"1938","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref327","first-page":"226","volume":"xxxv","author":"Richardson","year":"1913","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref053","first-page":"283","volume":"xvi","author":"Bowser","year":"1910","journal-title":"Amer. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref084","first-page":"475","volume":"li","author":"C\u00edsler","year":"1912","journal-title":"\u010cas. L\u00e9k. c\u011bsk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref402","first-page":"71","volume":"xiii","author":"Thomson","year":"1905","journal-title":"Proc. laryng. Soc., Lond."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00e4nkel B. , 1889, cited Haag and Vogel; bilateral bony atresia, M. 18.","DOI":"10.1002\/jlac.18892550103"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref009","first-page":"312","volume":"xvii","author":"Ard","year":"1907","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref042","first-page":"881","volume":"v","author":"Bitot","year":"1876","journal-title":"Bull. Acad. M\u00e9d. Paris"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref036","first-page":"179","volume":"vii","author":"Beynes","year":"1928","journal-title":"Arch. int. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref127","author":"Fallas","year":"1927","journal-title":"Dem. Soc. Brux. Oto-rhino-laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref027","first-page":"404","volume":"xlii","author":"Baumgarten","year":"1906","journal-title":"Pester. med.-chir. Pr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref184","first-page":"145","volume":"V","author":"Hochstetter","year":"1891","journal-title":"Verh. anat. Ges. Jena"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1927.00610010253005"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref163","first-page":"465","volume":"ix","author":"Guye","year":"1895","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01878710"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref111","first-page":"593","author":"Eicken","year":"1911","journal-title":"Verhandl. d. Ver. dtschr. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref039","first-page":"2634","volume":"ii","author":"Binswanger","year":"1909","journal-title":"Munch. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref428","first-page":"442","volume":"ii","author":"Whittaker","year":"1879","journal-title":"Cincinn. Lancet-Clin."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref295","author":"Otty","year":"1939","journal-title":"Scottish Otol. Laryng. Soc. Proc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref015","first-page":"143","volume":"viii","author":"Baber","year":"1894","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref444","volume-title":"Anatomie Normale et pathologique des fosses nasales","volume":"ii","author":"Zuckerkandl","year":"1895"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref148","first-page":"494","volume":"lx","author":"Glas","year":"1926","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref059","first-page":"28","volume":"xlv","author":"Briani","year":"1927","journal-title":"Boll. Mal. Orecch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref366","unstructured":"Schutter W. , Dutch Soc. Laryng. Rhin. Otol., 07 1894."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref094","first-page":"276","volume":"xxvi","author":"Colver","year":"1920","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref005","first-page":"308","volume":"xxix","author":"Altmann","year":"1931","journal-title":"Z. Hals-Nas.-u. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref347","unstructured":"Santesson , Forhandlinger vid Svenska l\u00e4kare Sallskapets Sammenkomsta, 1866; Stockholm 1867, p. 303 Index-Cat. Surg. Gen.; cited Haag and Altmann via Schwendt; bilateral bony atresia; M. 23."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref025","first-page":"17","volume":"xxx","author":"Baumgarten","year":"1896","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref019","first-page":"536","volume":"vi","author":"Barbera","year":"1936","journal-title":"Oto-rino-laryng"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref177","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Rev. Laryng.","volume":"i","author":"Hecht","year":"1906"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref077","first-page":"209","volume":"cx","author":"Charousek","year":"1922","journal-title":"Arch. Ohr.-Nas.-u. Kehlk-Heilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref023","first-page":"1300","volume":"xxv","author":"Baumgarten","year":"1889","journal-title":"Pester. med. -chir., Pr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref072","first-page":"1254","volume":"xxxii","author":"Cavanaugh","year":"1923","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref229","unstructured":"Kruse , 1904; cited Balla; bilateral ?acquired atresia, F. 52."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1945.00680030288003","volume":"xli","author":"Boyd","year":"1945","journal-title":"Arch. Oto-laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref140","unstructured":"Fr\u00e8che , 1894; cited Hamilton, T. K.; bilateral atresia; adult; syphilitic."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref346","unstructured":"Rutland W. H. , 1918; cited Hart and Colver; bilateral bony atresia, infant, newborn."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1937.02780480020005"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref324","first-page":"214","volume":"xxxv","author":"Raoult","year":"1903","journal-title":"Rev. m\u00e9d. Est."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref123","first-page":"1443","author":"Escat","year":"1933","journal-title":"Ann. Otolaryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref086","first-page":"717","volume":"xxv","author":"Claou\u00e9","year":"1905","journal-title":"Rev. hebd. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref151","first-page":"43","volume":"xx","author":"Gougenheim","year":"1894","journal-title":"Ann. Mal. Oreil. Larynx"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref030","author":"Beausqleil","journal-title":"J. m\u00e9d. Bordeaux"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref001","first-page":"48","volume":"lxxxiv","author":"Aboulker","year":"1913","journal-title":"Gas. M\u00e9d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref182","unstructured":"Hinojar , cited Beynes; no details."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref058","first-page":"28","volume":"xlv","author":"Briani","year":"1927","journal-title":"Boll. Mal. Orecch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-191504000-00010","volume":"xxv","author":"Thomasson","year":"1915","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref017","first-page":"506","volume":"ix","author":"Ball","year":"1895","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref038","first-page":"324","volume":"xxxiv","author":"Binnerts","year":"1921","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin. Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref198","first-page":"1343","volume":"xxv","author":"James","year":"1931","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref215","first-page":"1701","volume":"ii","author":"Kelly","year":"1910","journal-title":"Brit. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref161","first-page":"283","volume":"xvi","author":"Guttman","year":"1910","journal-title":"Amer. Med. Philad."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref386","volume":"xv","author":"Stinson","year":"1932","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryng., Chicago"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref122","first-page":"102","volume":"xix","author":"Escat","year":"1912","journal-title":"Arch. m\u00e9d. Toulouse"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref057","first-page":"517","volume":"xxxiv","author":"Brandies","year":"1881","journal-title":"N.Y. J. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref189","unstructured":"Hovorka , 1892; cited Daubret; case of unilateral bony atresia."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref396","first-page":"209","volume":"ii","author":"Texier","year":"1906","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref035","unstructured":"\u201cBetts\u201d, cited Schroetter: Mackenzie, M., see \u201cBitot\u201d, for correct reference. Error first detected by Knight 1889."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref397","first-page":"742","volume":"i","author":"Texier","year":"1906","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref012","unstructured":"Asch M. J. , cited Mayer, 1893; bilateral bony atresia, M. 25."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref404","first-page":"605","volume":"ix","author":"Thrasher","year":"1895","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref014","unstructured":"Attal M. , Th\u00e9se Paris, 1911; right membranous atresia, F. 11, and pr\u00e9cis of nine cases of other authors."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref067","author":"Casadesus","year":"1933","journal-title":"Ann. Oto-laryng. Par."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)07426-8"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref083","first-page":"912","volume":"xlix","author":"Cinelli","year":"1940","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref040","unstructured":"Birkett , cited Kahler; right bony atresia, F. 8."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref390","unstructured":"Suchanneic H. , Dem. Gesellsch. \u00c4rz. Canton Zurich, 17 November, 1892."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref165","first-page":"221","volume":"xxv","author":"Hajek","year":"1902","journal-title":"Wien. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref135","first-page":"180","volume":"xiv","author":"Fishbein","year":"1931","journal-title":"R.I. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref032","first-page":"51","volume":"ii","author":"Bennett","year":"1893","journal-title":"Ann. Ophthal. Otol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref133","first-page":"5","volume":"xviii","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"1912","journal-title":"Gac. m\u00e9d. Norte"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01810526"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref011","first-page":"106","volume":"xv","author":"Arslan","year":"1897","journal-title":"Boll. Mal. Orecch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref018","first-page":"113","volume":"xxvii","author":"Balla","year":"1907","journal-title":"Arch. ital. Otol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref062","first-page":"73","volume":"lix","author":"Brunk","year":"1909","journal-title":"Z. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref020","first-page":"654","volume":"l","author":"Barraud","year":"1920","journal-title":"Schweiz. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref081","first-page":"561","volume":"lix","author":"Chiari","year":"1909","journal-title":"Wien. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref164","first-page":"1","volume":"ix","author":"Haag","year":"1899","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin., Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref131","author":"Fein","year":"1910","journal-title":"dem. Wien. laryng. Gesellsch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref136","first-page":"47","volume":"xv","author":"Flatau","year":"1899","journal-title":"Dem. Wien. klin. Rundschau"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref066","first-page":"977","volume":"lii","author":"Carril","year":"1938","journal-title":"Rev. Asoc. m\u00e9d. argent."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref004","first-page":"201","volume":"xxii","author":"Alonso","year":"1919","journal-title":"Rev. m\u00e9d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref065","first-page":"48","volume":"ii","author":"Campo","year":"1926","journal-title":"Ann. Med. nav. colon."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref117","author":"Escat","year":"1896","journal-title":"Arch. internat. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref206","first-page":"41","volume":"xliii","author":"Kahler","year":"1909","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref016","volume":"ii","author":"Baber","year":"1908","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref120","first-page":"297","volume":"xi","author":"Escat","year":"1896","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref021","volume":"ii","author":"Barwell","year":"1908","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref400","first-page":"193","volume":"XV","author":"Theessen","year":"1926","journal-title":"Z. Laryng. Rhinol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref047","first-page":"374","volume":"xxxii","author":"Botey","year":"1906","journal-title":"Ann. Mal. Oreil. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref388","first-page":"322\u2013350","volume":"xxix","author":"Stupka","year":"1931","journal-title":"Z. Hals\u2013, Nas.\u2013u. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref048","first-page":"407","volume":"xiv","author":"Boulai","year":"1901","journal-title":"Arch. int. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref078","first-page":"201","volume":"ii","author":"Chauveau","year":"1900","journal-title":"Gaz. Mal. inf."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref034","first-page":"632","volume":"xxxi","author":"Berblinger","year":"1917","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin. Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref149","first-page":"883","volume":"v","author":"Gosselin","year":"1876","journal-title":"Bull. acad. m\u00e9d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref371","first-page":"359","volume":"iv","author":"Schwendt","year":"1890","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref049","first-page":"407","volume":"xiv","author":"Boulai","year":"1901","journal-title":"Arch. int. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref420","first-page":"71","volume":"xiii","author":"Waggett","year":"1905","journal-title":"Proc. laryng. Soc., Lond."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref348","first-page":"481","volume":"iv","author":"Santi","year":"1928","journal-title":"Valsalva"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref050","first-page":"140","volume":"v","author":"Boulay","year":"1902","journal-title":"Arch. M\u00e9d. Enf."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref097","first-page":"231","volume":"v","author":"D'Aguanno","year":"1897","journal-title":"Arch. ital. Otol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref085","first-page":"120","volume":"xxii","author":"Citelli","year":"1902","journal-title":"Arch. ital. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref157","first-page":"98","volume":"xvii","author":"Grant","year":"1920","journal-title":"Brit. J. Child. Dis."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref191","author":"Hutter","year":"1938","journal-title":"Dem. Wien. Laryng. Gesellsch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref022","first-page":"44","volume":"xxxiii","author":"Baumgarten","year":"1889","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref416","first-page":"121","volume":"xi","author":"Vogel","year":"1925","journal-title":"Z. Hals\u2013, Nas.\u2013u. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref061","first-page":"68","volume":"v","author":"Brownell","year":"1939","journal-title":"Univ. Hosp. Bull. Ann. Arbor"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref167","first-page":"590","volume":"xxvii","author":"Hamilton","year":"1902","journal-title":"Canad. Practit."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref393","first-page":"506","volume":"ix","author":"Symonds","year":"1895","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref069","first-page":"229","volume":"xxxv","author":"Casselberry","year":"1913","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. Laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref051","first-page":"140","volume":"v","author":"Boulay","year":"1902","journal-title":"Arch. M\u00e9d. Enf."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref056","first-page":"49","volume":"xxxiii","author":"Brady","year":"1918","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref227","unstructured":"Koenigstein M. , abstr. Zbl. Laryng., 1908, S.434; cited Kahler and Vogel; left bony atresia F. 18."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref350","first-page":"162","volume":"xi","author":"Sattler","year":"1896","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref432","first-page":"415","volume":"ix","author":"Winslow","year":"1895","journal-title":"abstr., J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref105","first-page":"882","volume":"v","author":"Depaul","year":"1876","journal-title":"Bull. Acad. M\u00e9d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref354","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4ffer , 1885; cited Haag from Schwendt, and Knight; right bony atresia; M. 15."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100034824"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref257","first-page":"468","volume":"xlviii","author":"Lyuri","year":"1906","journal-title":"Prot. kavkaz. med. Obshch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref060","first-page":"135","volume":"xvi","author":"Brose","year":"1907","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref187","first-page":"359","volume":"i","author":"Hopmann","year":"1894","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin., Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref379","unstructured":"Simon , 1897; cited Haag, Porter and Baurowicz; right bonyatresia, F. 10"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref318","first-page":"775","volume":"xxviii","author":"Potter","year":"1888","journal-title":"Buffalo med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref063","first-page":"221","volume":"lix","author":"Brunk","year":"1909","journal-title":"Z. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref212","first-page":"777","volume":"xxvi","author":"Kazanjian","year":"1937","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryng., Chicago"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref071","first-page":"742","volume":"i","author":"Castex","year":"1906","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref286","first-page":"431","volume":"X","author":"Neto","year":"1942","journal-title":"Rev. brasil oto-rino-laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref121","first-page":"297","volume":"xi","author":"Escat","year":"1896","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref095","first-page":"358","volume":"xlvi","author":"Colver","year":"1937","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref146","first-page":"5536","volume":"lxxix","author":"Gilse","year":"1935","journal-title":"Nederl. Tijdschr. Geneesk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref076","first-page":"292","volume":"iv","author":"Cespedes","year":"1940","journal-title":"Rev. Sanid. milit."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref382","first-page":"476","volume":"xxiv","author":"Sommer","year":"1883","journal-title":"Wien. med. Presse"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref434","first-page":"293","volume":"xiii","author":"Wolff","year":"1903","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin., Ben."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref422","first-page":"848","author":"Walliczek","year":"1913","journal-title":"Berl. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref033","first-page":"457","volume":"x","author":"Bentien","journal-title":"Ugeskr. Laeg."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-193801000-00006","volume":"xlviii","author":"Childrey","year":"1938","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref087","first-page":"336","volume":"xxxvi","author":"Clark","year":"1896","journal-title":"Cincinn. Lancet-clin."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref181","unstructured":"Heyse Leipzig , 1900; cited Berblinger; \u201cAnomalien der Choanen und des Cavum pharyngonasale\u201d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02116505"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref244","first-page":"49","volume":"vii","author":"Leite","year":"1939","journal-title":"Rev. brasil Otoriieolaring."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref342","first-page":"221","volume":"xxv","author":"Roth","year":"1902","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref406","first-page":"42","volume":"xx","author":"Tilley","year":"1926","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref112","first-page":"497","volume":"lii","author":"Elmiger","year":"1922","journal-title":"Schweiz. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref090","first-page":"127","volume":"li","author":"Clay","year":"1916","journal-title":"Hahnemann. Mon."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref073","first-page":"914","volume":"lxxii","author":"Cemach","year":"1938","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref092","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Diseases of the Throat and Nasal Passages","author":"Cohen","year":"1872"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref433","first-page":"184","volume":"xxxvii","author":"Winslow","year":"1915","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref360","first-page":"178","volume":"xiii","author":"Schmiegelow","year":"1904","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref195","first-page":"607","volume":"xlii","author":"Jacques","year":"1921","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref093","first-page":"472","volume":"xxxviii","author":"Cohn","year":"1904","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref091","first-page":"230","volume":"xxxv","author":"Coakley","year":"1913","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref043","first-page":"229","volume":"xl","author":"Blair","year":"1931","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref096","first-page":"133","volume":"xxviii","author":"Crull","year":"1895","journal-title":"Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref199","first-page":"222","volume":"ix","author":"Jarvis","year":"1888","journal-title":"Trans Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref201","first-page":"32","volume":"xxviii","author":"Jo\u00e9l","year":"1899","journal-title":"Arch. Otol., N.Y."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1906.25210090042003b"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref204","first-page":"881","volume":"xiv","author":"Juffinger","year":"1901","journal-title":"Wien. him. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref205","first-page":"116","volume":"cxvi","author":"Kafemann","year":"1926","journal-title":"Arch. Ohr.-Nas.-u. Kehlk. Heilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref374","first-page":"903","volume":"xliv","author":"Sercer","year":"1923","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref207","unstructured":"Kamm , 1902; cited Vogel; \u201cEm Fall von Verschluss der hinteren Nasen\u00f6ffnung\u201d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref208","first-page":"167","volume":"xiii","author":"Kayser","year":"1899","journal-title":"Wien. kim. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1897.02440210019002f"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref250","first-page":"1119","volume":"liv","author":"L\u00fcders","year":"1920","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref209","first-page":"430","volume":"xiv","author":"Kayser","year":"1899","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref210","first-page":"610","volume":"iii","author":"Kayser","year":"1900","journal-title":"Handbuch Laryng. Rhin."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref276","first-page":"743","volume":"i","author":"Mouni\u00e9","year":"1906","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref008","first-page":"1445","volume":"xlviii","author":"Aranabia","year":"1934","journal-title":"Rev. Asoc. m\u00e9d. argent."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-191403000-00003","volume":"xxiv","author":"Pfingst","year":"1914","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref130","first-page":"121","volume":"xx","author":"Fein","year":"1907","journal-title":"Wien. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1945.00680030325009","volume":"xli","author":"Klaff","year":"1945","journal-title":"Arch. Oto-laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016481809121994"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-193306000-00006","volume":"xliii","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1933","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref222","first-page":"102","volume":"x","author":"Knight","year":"1889","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref435","first-page":"318","volume":"xx","author":"Woltering","year":"1886","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref037","first-page":"342","volume":"xxvii","author":"Bilancioni","year":"1916","journal-title":"Arch. ital. Otol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref340","first-page":"961","author":"Roth","year":"1926","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref431","author":"Winslow","year":"1895","journal-title":"Amer. med. surg. Bull."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref223","first-page":"102","volume":"x","author":"Knight","year":"1889","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref312","unstructured":"Pomeroy O. D. , 1881; cited Hubbell, Casselberry and Haag after Schwendt; right bony atresia; M.44"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref224","first-page":"206","volume":"v","author":"Koch","year":"1910","journal-title":"Transv. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref363","first-page":"79","volume":"xxxiv","author":"Schoetz","year":"1897","journal-title":"Berl. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref228","unstructured":"Kreig R. , \u201cAtlas of Diseases of the Nose\u201d, German and English text (Roman, A.) Stuttgart, 1901, Plate 3; right bony atresia, F. 19."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref200","first-page":"25","volume":"xxxiv","author":"Jo\u00e9l","year":"1898","journal-title":"Z. Laryng. Rhinol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref230","unstructured":"Kuhf , cited Daubret; case of choanal atresia, F. 15."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref284","first-page":"143","volume":"xlii","author":"Mouret","year":"1921","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref231","unstructured":"Kundrat H. , \u201cDie Arhinencephalie als typische Art von Missbildung\u201d, Graz, 1882, S.41; cited Schroetter and Charousek; case of atresia, F. newborn."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref232","first-page":"2052","volume":"lii","author":"Kutvirt","year":"1902","journal-title":"Wien. med Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref134","first-page":"119","volume":"liv","author":"Feuchtinger","year":"1920","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-192609000-00018"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref074","first-page":"36","volume":"xlviii","author":"Centeno","year":"1934","journal-title":"Rev. Asoc. m\u00e9d. argent."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref234","unstructured":"Lacoarret (Toulouse), 1898, cited Baurowicz and Daubret; right membranous atresia; F., young."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref235","first-page":"301","volume":"xvi","author":"Lack","year":"1901","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref236","first-page":"450","volume":"lviii","author":"Lago","year":"1940","journal-title":"Boll. Mal. Orecch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref002","first-page":"48","volume":"lxxxiv","author":"Aboulker","year":"1913","journal-title":"Gas. M\u00e9d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1931.04230030082005"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1938.00650040119009"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref238","first-page":"970","volume":"xlvi","author":"Lang","year":"1912","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref239","first-page":"970","volume":"xlvi","author":"Lang","year":"1912","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1199286"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref408","first-page":"1561","author":"Trendeleneburg","year":"1886","journal-title":"Deutsche Chir."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref241","first-page":"605","volume":"ix","author":"Langmaid","year":"1895","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1937.92780310002008a"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref246","first-page":"212","author":"Lemoine","year":"1931","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref190","first-page":"193","volume":"xxvi","author":"Hubbell","year":"1886","journal-title":"Buffalo med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref247","first-page":"471","volume":"xv","author":"Leschinskiy","year":"1938","journal-title":"Zhur. ush. Nos. i Gorl. bolez"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref249","unstructured":"Lossow , 1922; cited Vogel; Vulowitsch; \u201cVortrag flber Choanalatresie \u201d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100042390"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref252","first-page":"498","volume":"xv","author":"Lumsden-Cook","year":"1941","journal-title":"S. Afr. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref179","unstructured":"H\u00e9risset , Th\u00e9se Paris, 1904, p. 30 (see Chiari, 1895)."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref263","first-page":"91","volume":"iii","author":"McKenzie","year":"1909","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref321","unstructured":"Prota , 1904; cited Balla; four cases of membranous atresia in females of 43\u201360; ?acquired."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref373","first-page":"168","volume":"xxvi","author":"Scoppetta","year":"1908","journal-title":"Boll. Mall. Orecch."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)40834-3"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref256","first-page":"22","volume":"xxxii","author":"Luzzati","year":"1921","journal-title":"Arch. ital. Otol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref376","first-page":"983","volume":"xliv","author":"Siebenmann","year":"1897","journal-title":"M\u00fcnch. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref258","first-page":"457","volume":"xlvi","author":"MacCoy","year":"1887","journal-title":"N.Y. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref041","unstructured":"Birkett , right bony atresia, F. 23."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref275","first-page":"113","volume":"xv","author":"Meyersohn","year":"1887","journal-title":"Medycyna"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref026","first-page":"404","volume":"viii","author":"Baumgarten","year":"1898","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref259","first-page":"359","volume":"xv","author":"McIntosh","year":"1903","journal-title":"Marit. med. News"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref260","first-page":"266","volume":"xxxvi","author":"MacKay","year":"1908","journal-title":"Montreal med. J"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref261","first-page":"387","volume":"lxxii","author":"Mackenty","year":"1907","journal-title":"Med. Rec., N.Y."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref262","first-page":"137","volume":"xxv","author":"McKenzie","year":"1910","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref158","first-page":"1254","volume":"xli","author":"Greif","year":"1923","journal-title":"\u010cas. L\u00e9k. \u010ces."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref264","first-page":"477","volume-title":"A manual of diseases of the Throat and Nose","volume":"ii","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1884"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref266","first-page":"89","volume":"xli","author":"Magnotti","year":"1930","journal-title":"Arch. ital. Otol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref317","first-page":"74","volume":"xxviii","author":"Potter","year":"1888","journal-title":"Buffalo med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref075","first-page":"569","volume":"iv","author":"Centeno","year":"1934","journal-title":"Hosp. argent."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1931.04230030082005"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref389","first-page":"202","volume":"lxv","author":"St\u00fctz","year":"1912","journal-title":"Z. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref407","first-page":"6","volume":"v","author":"Torres","year":"1936","journal-title":"Rev. m\u00e9d. Canarias"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1885.02391050008001b"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref280","first-page":"333","author":"Morton","year":"1880","journal-title":"Surg. Penn. Hosp., Philad."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref268","first-page":"169","volume":"li","author":"Malan","year":"1927","journal-title":"Arch. Sci. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref168","first-page":"172","volume":"xx","author":"Hamilton","year":"1905","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1940.00660021096011"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref285","first-page":"1339","volume":"xlv","author":"Nager","year":"1915","journal-title":"Korresp. Bl. schweiz. Arz."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref293","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der path. Anat. des Menschen u. d. Thiere","volume":"xv","author":"Otto","year":"1831"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref272","unstructured":"Mayer E. , New York Eye and Ear Infirmary Reports, January 1893."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref273","first-page":"236","volume":"vii","author":"Mayer","year":"1893","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref044","first-page":"54","volume":"xl","author":"Bleyl","year":"1902","journal-title":"Z. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref336","first-page":"1035","volume":"xxvi","author":"Ronaldson","year":"1880","journal-title":"Edinb. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref274","first-page":"120","volume":"liv","author":"Menzel","year":"1920","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3938.1295"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref248","first-page":"230","volume":"xxv","author":"Loeb","year":"1913","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref303","first-page":"238","volume":"xli","author":"Peterson","year":"1932","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1940.00660010658007"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-192912000-00012"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref281","first-page":"781","volume":"xliii","author":"Mothe","year":"1924","journal-title":"Ann. Mal. Oreil. Larynx"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM189802241380802"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref218","unstructured":"Killian , (Freiburg); pers. commun. to Brose; bilateral atresia; child, 3."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref283","first-page":"111","volume":"xlii","author":"Mouret","year":"1921","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref290","first-page":"356","volume":"xxxiii","author":"\u00f3nodi","year":"1889","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref291","first-page":"109","volume":"v","author":"\u00f3nodi","year":"1891","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref329","first-page":"170","volume":"XXXV","author":"Richter","year":"1901","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref282","unstructured":"Moure , 1887; cited Daubret; case of bilateral bony atresia; brief details."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref296","first-page":"118","volume":"lv","author":"Otty","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref345","first-page":"465","volume":"xii","author":"Rugh","year":"1897","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref297","first-page":"439","volume":"iv","author":"Pallestrini","year":"1934","journal-title":"Oto-rino-laring. ital."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref300","first-page":"82","volume":"xvii","author":"Patterson","year":"1923","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref301","first-page":"92","volume":"xix","author":"Paz","year":"1896","journal-title":"An. \u0107irc. m\u00e9d. argent."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref351","first-page":"79","volume":"xxxiv","author":"Schadewaldt","year":"1897","journal-title":"Berl. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref403","first-page":"170","volume":"xvii","author":"Thrasher","year":"1895","journal-title":"Trans. A mer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref162","author":"Guye","year":"1894","journal-title":"Dutch Soc. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref119","first-page":"297","volume":"xi","author":"Escat","year":"1896","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref302","first-page":"375","volume":"viii","author":"Perevia","year":"1940","journal-title":"Rev. m\u00e9d. cirug. Brasil"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref375","first-page":"798","volume":"xli","author":"Sessous","year":"1904","journal-title":"Berl. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref305","first-page":"353","volume":"xxx","author":"Phelps","year":"1925","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophth."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref270","first-page":"913","volume":"lxxii","author":"Marschik","year":"1938","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref211","first-page":"704","volume":"li","author":"Kazanjian","year":"1942","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100044510"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref341","first-page":"849","volume":"xxxv","author":"Roth","year":"1926","journal-title":"Ann. Otol., etc."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100011002"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510001121X"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref381","first-page":"282","volume":"xxv","author":"Solly","year":"1891","journal-title":"Trans din. Soc., Lond."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref080","first-page":"30","author":"Chiari","year":"1895","journal-title":"Wien. laryng. Ges."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref392","first-page":"316","volume":"xvii","author":"Swain","year":"1907","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref028","first-page":"150","volume":"xi","author":"Baurowicz","year":"1901","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin. Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref313","unstructured":"Pontoppidan , 1916; cited Colver; on the operative treatment of atresia of the choanae."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref378","first-page":"619","volume":"ii","author":"Silver","year":"1870","journal-title":"Med. Times Gaz., Lond."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref255","unstructured":"Luschka H. , \u201cDer Schlundkopf des Menschen\u201d, Tubingen, 1868, S. 27; cited Schroetter; bilateral bony atresia; F. newborn."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref316","first-page":"1393","volume":"xliii","author":"Porto","year":"1929","journal-title":"Brasil-m\u00e9d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref320","unstructured":"Prentiss , see Dean, 1925; bilateral bony atresia; M. about 45; dissecting room specimen."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref322","first-page":"337","volume":"xxvi","author":"Quadri","year":"1908","journal-title":"Gas. m\u00e9d. esp."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref214","unstructured":"Keimer (Dusseldorf); 1887; cited Haag; case of right bony atresia."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref287","unstructured":"Nordquist , 1901, cited Cohn; bilateral bony atresia; F. 15."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref315","first-page":"17","volume":"xxii","author":"Porter","year":"1907","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref323","unstructured":"Rabinowitch , 1913; cited Mouret and Cazejust; case of left atresia."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref353","first-page":"126","volume":"lvi","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1934","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. laryng. Ass."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref332","first-page":"178","volume":"i","author":"Robertson","year":"1890","journal-title":"Brit. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref325","first-page":"1440","volume-title":"Ann. Otolaryng.","author":"Reverchon","year":"1933"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-192712000-00010"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref330","first-page":"159","volume":"xxii","author":"Ridout","year":"1928","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref116","unstructured":"Engell K. , Leipzig, 1913; Index-Cat. Surg. Gen; \u201cDie Atresie der Choanen und ihre Behandlung\u201d."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref333","unstructured":"Roederer J. G. , 1755; cited Otto; reference to defect of temporal bones and not to choanal atresia."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref334","first-page":"443","volume":"xxiii","author":"Rogers","year":"1925","journal-title":"Calif. West. Med."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref335","first-page":"155","volume":"iii","author":"Rolland","year":"1889","journal-title":"Gaz. m\u00e9d. Montr\u00e9al"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref338","first-page":"374","volume":"vi","author":"Root","year":"1897","journal-title":"Wom. med. J."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref343","first-page":"265","volume":"xxvii","author":"Ruggeri","year":"1909","journal-title":"Boll. Mal. Orecch"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref344","first-page":"144","volume":"vi","author":"Rugh","year":"1897","journal-title":"Philad. Polyclin."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref349","author":"Sattler","year":"1896","journal-title":"Clin. Chron."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref172","first-page":"221","volume":"xxv","author":"Hanszel","year":"1902","journal-title":"Wien. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref355","first-page":"483","volume":"xli","author":"Scheier","year":"1904","journal-title":"Berl. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref370","author":"Schwendt","year":"1890","journal-title":"Die Angeborenen Verschl\u00fcsse, etc.\u201c"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref356","first-page":"177","volume":"iii","author":"Scheppegrell","year":"1894","journal-title":"Ann. Ophth.Otol."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref357","first-page":"1145","volume":"xlvi","author":"Schlemmer","year":"1912","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref398","first-page":"742","volume":"i","author":"Texier","year":"1906","journal-title":"Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref358","author":"Schmiegelow","year":"1900","journal-title":"Verhandl. d\u00e4nischen oto-laryng. Vereins"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref362","unstructured":"Schoetz , (Berlin); 1887; cited Schoetz 1897; bilateral bony atresia F. 16."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref188","first-page":"48","volume":"iii","author":"Hopmann","year":"1895","journal-title":"Arch. Laryng. Rhin., Berl."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref405","first-page":"105","volume":"xxx","author":"Tiemann","year":"1896","journal-title":"Verhandl. phys. med. Gesellsch., W\u00fcrzb."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref364","first-page":"965","volume":"xliv","author":"Sch\u00f6nstadt","year":"1907","journal-title":"Berl. klin. Wschr."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref365","first-page":"97","volume":"xix","author":"Schroetter","year":"1885","journal-title":"Mschr. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref367","first-page":"465","volume":"ix","author":"Schutter","year":"1895","journal-title":"J. Laryng"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref369","first-page":"367","volume":"xlii","author":"Schweckendiek","year":"1937","journal-title":"Z. Hals\u2013, Nas.\u2013u. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref380","unstructured":"Simon , 1897; cited Haag, Porter and Baurowicz; right bonyatresia, M. 32."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref391","first-page":"277","volume":"vi","author":"Suchanneic","year":"1892","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref394","volume":"xliv","author":"Tarasido","year":"1920","journal-title":"Index Bibliog., Rev. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref415","first-page":"121","volume":"xi","author":"Vogel","year":"1925","journal-title":"Z. Hals\u2013, Nas.\u2013u. Ohrenheilk."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref298","first-page":"625","volume":"xiv","author":"Pastore","year":"1939","journal-title":"Proc. Mayo. Clin."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref395","first-page":"359","volume":"xxvii","author":"Tawse","year":"1912","journal-title":"J. Laryng."},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-192109000-00008","volume":"xxxi","author":"Kirby","year":"1921","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215100045965_ref399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510002987X"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology & Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215100045965","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T15:41:24Z","timestamp":1708011684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215100045965\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1945,12]]},"references-count":444,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1945,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215100045965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215100045965","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1945,12]]}}}