{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T15:39:26Z","timestamp":1794065966567,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]],"date-time":"2007-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4381,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motorcyclists are known to be exposed to excessive wind noise levels when riding. The potential adverse effects of this exposure on their hearing was investigated. Temporary threshold shift (TTS) was assessed by asking 18 riders to undertake a standard test run of one hour at a steady 80 mph, and performing audiometry before and immediately afterwards. Permanent threshold shift (PTS) was assessed by performing pure-tone audiograms on a highly screened group of 246 motorcyclists and comparing their hearing thresholds with those of an appropriate control group obtained from the MRC National Study of Hearing.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Significant TTS was found at 0.25, 0.5,1 and 2 kHz. The greatest TTS occurred at 1 kHz, with a mean hearing loss of 10.3 dB. The hearing thresholds of the motorcyclists were significantly worse than the controls at 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz, andwas most marked at 0.5 and 1 kHz where their hearing loss (PTS) was, respectively, 3.7 and 3.6 dB greater than expected.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These findings demonstrate evidence of both temporary and permanent hearing loss from motorcycling and present a strong argument for the need for some form of remedial action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215100130828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,30]],"date-time":"2007-11-30T10:15:19Z","timestamp":1196417719000},"page":"599-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hearing loss and motorcyclists"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"McCombe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Binnington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref009","volume-title":"Standard Reference Zero for the Calibration of Pure-tone Bone-Conduction Audiometers","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1993.tb00615.x"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref017","unstructured":"Jongepier G. A. M. , Van der Weerd A. (1989) Research into the noise hazard and loss of hearing in motorcycle patrols of the state police. RBB Department of research and development report AG89\/987 for the Dutch State police, The Hague, pp 1\u201326."},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref022","first-page":"6","article-title":"Noise exposure of motorcyclists","volume":"VII","author":"Maue","year":"1991","journal-title":"Audiology in Practice"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref028","first-page":"123","article-title":"Noise exposure of motorcyclists","volume":"33","author":"Ross","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annals of Occupational Hygiene"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref026","first-page":"363","volume-title":"New Perspectives on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss","author":"McFadden","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref016","unstructured":"Iho L. , Jonasson H. (1981) Reducing noise inside protective helmets for motorcycle riders. Technical report SP-RAPP 1981:36. National Testing Institute, Boras, Sweden, pp 1\u201327."},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref011","volume-title":"National Travel Survey","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref014","first-page":"30","article-title":"Do motorcycle helmets make good hearing protectors?","volume":"8","author":"Harrison","year":"1974","journal-title":"Sound and Vibration"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/18.4.911"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref012","article-title":"Directive 89\/235\/EEC. Regulations concerning the noise emission of motorcycles","year":"1989","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Communities"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-49-23","article-title":"Effect of jet-aircraft noise on hearing","volume":"49","author":"Knight","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref018","first-page":"6","article-title":"Motorcycle acceleration noise in the urban setting","volume":"14","author":"Kamperman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Sound and Vibration"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref004","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Auto-Cycle Union Handbook","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref030","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Department of Transport report C144\/84","author":"Waters","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref007","volume-title":"Pure-tone Air-conduction Threshold Audiometry for Hearing Conservation Purposes","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref005","first-page":"21","article-title":"Sulla sordita professionale da rumore bianco","volume":"3","author":"Bernabei","year":"1953","journal-title":"Rivista di Audiologia Practica (Milan)"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref001","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology","volume":"2","author":"Alberti","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref002","first-page":"42","article-title":"Hearing and motorcycle helmets","volume":"11","author":"Aldman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Traffic Medicine"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref008","volume-title":"Standard Reference Zero for the Calibration of Pure-tone Air-conduction Audiometers","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref015","first-page":"182","article-title":"Larmmesung unter Motorradhelmen","volume":"29","author":"Huttenbrink","year":"1982","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Larmbekampfung"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref027","volume-title":"GLIM 4","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00206098809081590"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref023","first-page":"436","article-title":"Wind noise and motorcyclists (Abstract)","volume":"18","author":"McCombe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Otolaryngology"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-52-92","article-title":"A six-year prospective study of the effect of jet-aircraft noise on hearing","volume":"52","author":"Knight","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03005368109081440"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref013","first-page":"26","article-title":"Effects on hearing of sports-related noise or trauma","volume":"11","author":"Fletcher","year":"1977","journal-title":"Sound and Vibration"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-460X(81)80006-5"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref006","volume-title":"Specification for Audiometers","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0022215100130828_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/44.5.239"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215100130828","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T01:14:08Z","timestamp":1684113248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215100130828\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215100130828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215100130828","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]}}}