{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:26:25Z","timestamp":1780489585571,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]],"date-time":"2007-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3650,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria on the surface of pacifiers used by children with acute otitis media was investigated. The surface of 40 recently used pacifiers was swabbed after they were allowed to dry for five to six minutes. The swabs were processed quantitatively for the presence of aerobic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of the pacifier material was tested<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Microorganisms were isolated from 21 (52.5 per cent) pacifiers. The number of colonies per pacifier varied between one and 35 (average six). The isolates included eight \u03b1-haemolytic streptococci, six<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermis<\/jats:italic>, five<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, five \u03b1-haemolytic streptococci, three<jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>spp. and two<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. The pacifier material was shown to be inhibitory against<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>. This study illustrated that pacifiers do not contain high numbers of organisms and therefore are not likely to serve as a source of persistence of transfer of organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215100138113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,30]],"date-time":"2007-11-30T10:13:40Z","timestamp":1196417620000},"page":"614-615","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Bacterial colonization of pacifiers of infants with acute otitis media"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Itzhak","family":"Brook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Gober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215100138113_ref001","first-page":"13","article-title":"Recovery of organisms from handrails of escalators in the public metro rail system in Washington DC","volume":"57","author":"Brook","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Health"},{"key":"S0022215100138113_ref007","first-page":"884 888","article-title":"Pacifiers increase the risk of recurrent acute otitis media in children in day care centers","volume":"96","author":"Niemala","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"S0022215100138113_ref005","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Murray","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0022215100138113_ref003","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Anaerobic Bacteria: Role in Disease","author":"Gibbons","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0022215100138113_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359409029061"},{"key":"S0022215100138113_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(94)90091-4"},{"key":"S0022215100138113_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.45.2.733-735.1983","article-title":"Fecal coliform on environmental surfaces in two day care centres","volume":"47","author":"Weniger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"S0022215100138113_ref002","first-page":"439","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of telephones in an intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Conzanitis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anaesthetist"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215100138113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T23:52:34Z","timestamp":1588117954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215100138113\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215100138113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215100138113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}}}