{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:41:46Z","timestamp":1793144506969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]],"date-time":"2008-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215108003800_sec1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate assessment of the features of tympanic membrane perforation, especially size, site, duration and aetiology, is important, as it enables optimum management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215108003800_sec2\"><jats:title>Aim and objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a simple, cheap and effective method of quantitatively analysing tympanic membrane perforations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215108003800_sec3\"><jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The system described comprises a video-otoscope (capable of generating still and video images of the tympanic membrane), adapted via a universal serial bus box to a computer screen, with images analysed using the Image J geometrical analysis software package. The reproducibility of results and their correlation with conventional otoscopic methods of estimation were tested statistically with the paired<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test and correlational tests, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11 software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215108003800_sec4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The following equation was generated: P\/T\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100 per cent\u00a0=\u00a0percentage perforation, where P is the area (in pixels<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) of the tympanic membrane perforation and T is the total area (in pixels<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) for the entire tympanic membrane (including the perforation). Illustrations are shown. Comparison of blinded data on tympanic membrane perforation area obtained independently from assessments by two trained otologists, of comparative years of experience, using the video-otoscopy system described, showed similar findings, with strong correlations devoid of inter-observer error (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.000,<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). Comparison with conventional otoscopic assessment also indicated significant correlation, comparing results for two trained otologists, but some inter-observer variation was present (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.000,<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.896). Correlation between the two methods for each of the otologists was also highly significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215108003800_sec5\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A computer-adapted video-otoscope, with images analysed by Image J software, represents a cheap, reliable, technology-driven, clinical method of quantitative analysis of tympanic membrane perforations and injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215108003800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]],"date-time":"2008-10-22T11:19:46Z","timestamp":1224674386000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Quantitative analysis of tympanic membrane perforation: a simple and reliable method"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"T S","family":"Ibekwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A A","family":"Adeosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O G","family":"Nwaorgu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref9","first-page":"447","article-title":"Video otoscopy in audiological practice","volume":"8","author":"Sullivan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref11","unstructured":"11 Cool drives Sata USB and fire wire drives. http:\/\/www.cooldrives.com\/cute-tv-usb-tv-tuner-adapter-for-windows.html 18 May 2005"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/000164801300043343","article-title":"How do tympanic-membrane perforations affect human middle-ear sound transmission?","volume":"121","author":"Voss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref10","unstructured":"10 Image J (Image Processing and analysis in Java). http:\/\/www.rsb.info.nih.gov\/ij\/ 18 May 2005"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000176177.17636.53"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000175067.19744.27"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref5","first-page":"58","article-title":"Outcome of type 1 tympanoplasty","volume":"24","author":"Fadl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3180311605"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref14","volume-title":"Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology","author":"Wright","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153056203772744653"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000232495.77308.46"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.177397","article-title":"Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Lilly-Tariah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1993.tb00811.x"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01441.x","article-title":"Otomycosis in Western Nigeria","volume":"51","author":"Fasunla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"S0022215108003800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00838.x"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215108003800","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T23:39:38Z","timestamp":1709336378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215108003800\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215108003800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215108003800","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]]},"article-number":"e2"}}