{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:08:46Z","timestamp":1792660126626,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"S31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]],"date-time":"2009-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tympanic membrane perforation causes a sound conduction disturbance, and the size of this conduction disturbance is proportional to the perforation area. However, precise evaluation of perforation size is difficult, and there are few detailed reports addressing this issue. Furthermore, such evaluation becomes more difficult for irregularly shaped perforations. This study conducted a quantitative evaluation of tympanic membrane perforations, using image analysis equipment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A significant correlation was found between the degree of sound conduction disturbance and the perforation area; this correlation was greater at low frequencies following a traumatic perforation. The conductive disturbance associated with chronic otitis media was significantly greater at low frequencies. Circular perforations caused only minor conduction disturbance. Perforations in the anteroinferior quadrant were associated with greater conduction disturbance. Traumatic spindle-shaped perforations and malleolar perforations were associated with greater conduction disturbance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215109005155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]],"date-time":"2009-05-22T10:14:31Z","timestamp":1242987271000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effect of tympanic membrane perforation on middle-ear sound transmission"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Y","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Kurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref24","first-page":"695","article-title":"Transfer function of the human middle ear \u2013 Theoretical analysis using finite element method","volume":"52","author":"Koike","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nippon Onkyo Gakukaisi"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref22","volume-title":"Pathology of the Ear","author":"Schuknecht","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947007900407"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489009122519"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487609119970"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4295\/audiology.24.1"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/000164801300043343","article-title":"How does tympanic membrane perforation affect human middle ear sound transmission?","volume":"121","author":"Voss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref14","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Middle-ear function with tympanic membrane perforations: II \u2013 a simple model","volume":"110","author":"Voss","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1394195"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"A clinical study of traumatic perforation of the eardrum","volume":"36","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"1990","journal-title":"Otologia Fukuoka"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4295\/audiology.40.46"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1951.03750120059008"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199601000-00014"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130007900816","article-title":"Effect of tympanic perforations on the detection of distortion-product otoacustic emissions","volume":"79","author":"LeBourgeois","year":"2000","journal-title":"ENT-Ear Nose and Throat Journal"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5631\/jibirin.78.6special_1293"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197902000-00009"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100139544"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100088162"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Size of tympanic membrane perforation and hearing loss","volume":"45","author":"Bhusal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nep Med Assoc"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00404153"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref8","first-page":"125","article-title":"Effect of tympanic membrane perforation on hearing threshold","volume":"54","author":"Funai","year":"1982","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (Tokyo)"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000176177.17636.53"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3950\/jibiinkoka.94.231"},{"key":"S0022215109005155_ref20","first-page":"426","article-title":"Human tympanic membrane-malleus attachment. 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