{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:24:04Z","timestamp":1778509444622,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,29]],"date-time":"2009-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248825600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215109990600_sec1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interferon-\u03b3 has been reported to have an immunoregulatory role in otitis media with effusion. However, such a role remains to be determined in acute suppurative otitis media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215109990600_sec2\"><jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the levels of interferon-\u03b3 in middle-ear secretion in children with acute suppurative otitis media, and to determine the significance of interferon-\u03b3 to the nature of otorrhoea and the outcome of otitis media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215109990600_sec3\"><jats:title>Settings and design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, longitudinal follow up of patients selected from community and tertiary health centres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215109990600_sec4\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We selected children with acute suppurative otitis media, diagnosed as otorrhoea of less than three months' duration. Middle-ear secretions were collected by pipetting and stored at \u221280\u00b0C. Interferon-\u03b3 was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients were treated and followed up for nine to 12 months, to separate those with resolved acute suppurative otitis media from those with chronic suppurative otitis media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215109990600_sec5\"><jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study initially included 358 cases of acute suppurative otitis media. Nine-month follow up was achieved in 304 patients (85 per cent). Of these patients, acute suppurative otitis media resolved in 187 (61 per cent), while chronic suppurative otitis media was evident in 117 (39 per cent). The children with completed follow up comprised 173 boys and 131 girls, aged between four months and nine years (mean age 6.6 years; standard deviation 1.32). These children had purulent otorrhoea in 171 cases (56 per cent) and mucoid otorrhoea in 133 cases (44 per cent). The children's middle-ear secretion interferon-\u03b3 concentrations ranged from 12 to 126 pg\/ml. The mean middle-ear secretion interferon-\u03b3 concentration was 27.2 pg\/ml (standard deviation 8.8) in patients whose acute suppurative otitis media resolved, and 73.1 pg\/ml (standard deviation 9.5) in those progressing to chronic suppurative otitis media. In children with purulent otitis media, the mean middle-ear secretion interferon-\u03b3 concentration was 43.5 pg\/ml (standard deviation 15.6); in those with mucoid otitis media, it was 74.3 pg\/ml (standard deviation 19.1). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in middle-ear secretion interferon-\u03b3 concentration, comparing resolved acute suppurative otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media cases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.00), and comparing purulent and mucoid otitis media cases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.00). Pearson correlation testing revealed significant inverse correlation between interferon-\u03b3 concentration and middle-ear secretion immunoglobulin G concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01), immunoglobulin E concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and immunoglobulin A concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.00).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215109990600_sec6\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high concentration of interferon-\u03b3 in middle-ear secretions promotes chronicity of suppurative otitis media. Further research in this area may lead to the development of agents which assist the control of suppurative otitis media chronicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215109990600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,29]],"date-time":"2009-07-29T08:13:57Z","timestamp":1248855237000},"page":"1103-1107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Interferon-gamma in suppurative otitis media: significance of otorrhoea type and disease outcome"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"A O","family":"Lasisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Olayemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O G","family":"Arinola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Omilabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(87)90328-7"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.2.474"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref19","first-page":"123","article-title":"Role of elevated immunoglobulin E levels in suppurative otitis media","volume":"28","author":"Lasisi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Tr Paed"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489492101S1006"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1995.01890080033006"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref12","first-page":"590","article-title":"The significance of IFN-gamma measurement in middle ear effusion of secretory otitis media [in Chinese]","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489409126078"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref11","article-title":"Comparative analysis of middle ear immune response and micronutrient level between mucoid and purulent otitis media","author":"Lasisi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000163035"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383787a0"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1902591"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199102000-00011"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900090100015"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.06.005"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199709000-00012"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.3.3393"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(96)30069-8"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)80017-5"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00457-5"},{"key":"S0022215109990600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80122-1"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215109990600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T07:08:17Z","timestamp":1556608097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215109990600\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,29]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215109990600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215109990600","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,29]]}}}