{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:27:16Z","timestamp":1759336036997},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310947200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215111001563_sec1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We believe the currently accepted indications for frontal osteoma surgery are inappropriate. We propose a new osteoma classification system, below, in order to standardise surgical decisions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215111001563_sec2\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteomas were classified based on: relationship of tumour mass to sinus size; tumour proximity to the infundibulum, destruction of sinus walls, and complications. Forty-five osteoma cases were thus classified (1971\u20132007), 29 of which underwent surgery (64.44 per cent).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215111001563_sec3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three stages were thus derived: I, tumour\/air fraction less than one-third, tumour distant from the infundibulum, no sinusitis, and no complications (18 patients (40 per cent)); II, tumour\/air fraction one-third to one-half, no infundibular obstruction, no bone destruction, no sinusitis, and no complications (six (13.33 per cent)); and III, tumour\/air fraction more than one-half, partial or total infundibular obstruction, sinusitis, bone destruction, and\/or complications (21 (46.67 per cent)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215111001563_sec4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study findings suggest the following surgical indications: stage I, no surgery required, implement monitoring protocol; stage II, implement monitoring protocol, surgery may be required depending on tumour severity and general patient condition; and stage III, surgery always required. This system provides a method of standardising osteoma surgical decisions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215111001563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T09:06:52Z","timestamp":1310980012000},"page":"1020-1027","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Frontal osteomas: standardising therapeutic indications"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"L M","family":"Gil-Carcedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E S","family":"Gil-Carcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L A","family":"Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"de Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215111001563_ref21","first-page":"899","article-title":"Giant osteoma of the ethmoid sinus and frontal sinuses [in Polish]","volume":"59","author":"Klonowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Pol"},{"key":"S0022215111001563_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909801111"},{"key":"S0022215111001563_ref11","first-page":"174","article-title":"Frontal sinus osteoma associated with pneumocephalus","volume":"12","author":"Onal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"S0022215111001563_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2005.01.014"},{"key":"S0022215111001563_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100090721"},{"key":"S0022215111001563_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00538443"},{"key":"S0022215111001563_ref27","first-page":"201","article-title":"Osteomas. 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