{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:58:42Z","timestamp":1790877522713,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]],"date-time":"2011-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319760000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215111002829_sec1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review our experience of cochlear implant failure and subsequent revision surgery, and to illustrate the experience we have gained by presenting a series of lessons learned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215111002829_sec2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A combined retrospective and prospective study of revision surgery in a UK regional cochlear implant centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215111002829_sec3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 746 cochlear implantations undertaken, 33 (4.7 per cent of adults and 4.1 per cent of children) had a registered failure requiring re-implantation. The mean time to device failure was 60 months in adults and 35 months in children. Causes of cochlear implant failure were medical (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011), electrode displacement (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), \u2018hard device failure\u2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) and \u2018soft device failure\u2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05). Chronic suppurative otitis media and post-auricular mastoid abscess were the commonest causes of medical failure. There was one case of electrode array displacement as a direct result of skin flap revision surgery. In 80 per cent of cases, audiological performances were stable or improved following re-implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215111002829_sec4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>As the number of cochlear implants increase and patients outlive the lifespan of their devices, we will face a growing number of revision procedures. Audiologists and otologists should be competent in diagnosing and managing device failure and medical complications requiring cochlear re-implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215111002829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]],"date-time":"2011-10-28T08:31:52Z","timestamp":1319790712000},"page":"15-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Cochlear implant failures: lessons learned from a UK centre"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Masterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J H K","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P R","family":"Axon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R F","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20012"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2008.504"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13440"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref21","first-page":"60","article-title":"Cochlear implant reimplantation","volume":"18","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31805c9a06","article-title":"Cochlear reimplantation: causes of failure, outcomes and audiologic performance","volume":"117","author":"Cote","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/cim.2005.6.3.105"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cii.61"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130108000315","article-title":"Securing cochlear implants to the skull: two alternate methods","volume":"80","author":"Djalilian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199307000-00006"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480802552576"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000178123.35988.96"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref3","first-page":"74","article-title":"Revision cochlear implant surgery in children","volume":"31","author":"Cullen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199108001-00004"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2005.03.017"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215042790646"},{"key":"S0022215111002829_ref2","unstructured":"2 FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Medical Devices. 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