{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T08:15:54Z","timestamp":1759565754730},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215114001029_sec1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Head and face dimensions vary according to race and geographical zone. Hereditary factors also greatly affect the size and shape of the head. There are important medical applications of craniofacial data specific to different racial and ethnic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215114001029_sec2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various cranial and facial anthropometric parameters were assessed in singleton, healthy, full-term newborns of Sikkimese origin in a tertiary care hospital in Sikkim, India. The data were then analysed to determine statistically significant differences between sexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215114001029_sec3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-five newborns were included in the study. Both male and female newborns were observed to be hyperbrachycephalic and hyperleptoprosopic. The only significant difference between the sexes was in commissural length, which was observed to be greater in male newborns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215114001029_sec4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Craniofacial parameters in Sikkimese newborns vary in comparison with those of other newborns from around the world. Larger studies are needed in order to reveal sex-related variations. Similar studies on various racial groups in North-East India are needed to establish standards for populations with East Asian features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215114001029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T13:03:13Z","timestamp":1401886993000},"page":"527-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Craniofacial anthropometry in newborns of Sikkimese origin"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B K","family":"Tamang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref22","first-page":"138","article-title":"Craniofacial growth: a three-dimensional soft-tissue study from 6 years to adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Ferrario","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022008000200026"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref8","first-page":"263","article-title":"Cephalic index of Gurung community of Nepal--an anthropometric study","volume":"3","author":"Lobo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ)"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2003.02267.x"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref5","first-page":"396","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy","author":"Williams","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref18","first-page":"304","article-title":"Facial and ear dimensions in term Nigerian neonates","volume":"75","author":"Adeyemo","year":"1998","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref12","first-page":"248","article-title":"A study of facial (prosopic) index of Andhra region (India) students","volume":"1","author":"Salve","year":"2012","journal-title":"Novel Science International Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref1","first-page":"525","article-title":"Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malays","volume":"50","author":"Ngeow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref2","first-page":"818","article-title":"Change in facial shape in two cohorts of Japanese adult female students twenty years apart","volume":"52","author":"Hossain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref3","first-page":"28","article-title":"The shapes of head and face in normal male newborns in South-East of Caspian Sea (Iran-Gorgan)","volume":"52","author":"Golalipour","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"key":"S0022215114001029_ref6","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cephalic index of foetuses of Manipuri population - 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