{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T23:59:21Z","timestamp":1771027161871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215114001790_sec1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effect of pterygopalatine fossa injection with xylocaine and adrenaline on: surgical field bleeding and blood loss during functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis, and the duration of the procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215114001790_sec2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, single-blinded, controlled trial was performed in a tertiary care academic centre. A total of 45 patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis, whose disease was symmetrical based on computed tomography grading, were included. A unilateral pterygopalatine fossa injection with 1 per cent xylocaine and 1:100 000 adrenaline was performed after the induction of anaesthesia. The contralateral side served as the control. The operating surgeon, who was blinded to the injected side, assessed the surgical field using a validated six-item grading system. Blood loss, blood pressure, heart rate and end-tidal carbon dioxide were recorded every 15 minutes for each side separately, and duration of surgery was noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215114001790_sec3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no statistically significant difference in the surgical field grade between the injected and non-injected sides (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.161). There were no differences in blood loss or duration of surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215114001790_sec4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pterygopalatine fossa injection prior to functional endoscopic sinus surgery did not decrease intra-operative surgical field bleeding, blood loss or duration of surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215114001790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T13:40:36Z","timestamp":1409233236000},"page":"814-817","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Does pterygopalatine canal injection with local anaesthetic and adrenaline decrease bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"C J","family":"Valdes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Al Badaai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bogado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Samaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(79)90161-0"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900313","article-title":"An evaluation of effect of pterygopalatine fossa injection with local anesthetic and adrenalin in the control of nasal bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"19","author":"Wormald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940611500702"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(99)90018-2"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200308000-00019"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812466529"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref2","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Diseases of the Sinuses: Diagnosis and Management","author":"Bolger","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31395-5","article-title":"Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"22","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900516","article-title":"The effect of the total intravenous anesthesia compared with inhalational anesthesia on the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"19","author":"Wormald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70005-6"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref12","first-page":"195","article-title":"Maxillary nerve block via the greater palatine canal: new look at an old technique","volume":"2","author":"Lepere","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Control Dent"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000226005.43817.a2"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03015479"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref13","first-page":"94","article-title":"Greater palatine canal injection: an alternative to the posterior nasal packing and arterial ligation in epistaxis","volume":"15","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200406000-00016"},{"key":"S0022215114001790_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100132943"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; 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