{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:18:52Z","timestamp":1789193932113,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. Although much commoner in the eastern hemisphere, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 0.39 per 100 000 population, cancers of the nasopharynx form one of the rarer subsites in the head and neck.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> This paper provides recommendations on the work up and management of nasopharyngeal cancer based on the existing evidence base for this condition.<\/jats:p><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116000517_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Recommendations<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2022 Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) should be assessed with rigid and fibre-optic nasendoscopy. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Nasopharyngeal biopsies should be preferably carried out endoscopically. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Multislice computed tomographic (CT) scan of head, neck and chest should be carried out in all patients and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) where appropriate to optimise staging. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Radiotherapy (RT) is the mainstay for the radical treatment for NPC. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Concurrent chemoradiotherapy offers significant improvement in overall survival in stage III and IV diseases. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Surgery should only be used to obtain tissue for diagnosis and to deal with otitis media with effusion. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Radiation therapy is the treatment of choice for stage I and II disease. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Intensity modulated radiation therapy techniques should be employed. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Concurrent chemotherapy with radiation therapy is the treatment of choice for stage III and IV disease. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Patients with NPC should be followed-up and assessed with rigid and\/or fibre-optic nasendoscopy. (G)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Positron emission tomography\u2013computed tomography (PET\u2013CT), CT or MRI scan should be carried out at three months from completion of treatment to assess response. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Multislice CT scan of head, neck and chest should be carried out in all patients and MRI scan whenever possible and specially in advanced cases with suspected recurrence. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Surgery in form of nasopharyngectomy should be considered as a first line treatment of residual or recurrent disease at the primary site. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Neck dissection remains the treatment of choice for residual or metastatic neck disease whenever possible. (R)<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 Re-irradiation should be considered as a second line of treatment in recurrent disease. (R)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215116000517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T06:37:06Z","timestamp":1463035026000},"page":"S97-S103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Simo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sibtain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.01.018"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02724-4"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.06.037"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.01.055"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.1545"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31818208d6"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref2","first-page":"766","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal cancer: current status of management","volume":"127","author":"Wei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref5","first-page":"CD004329","article-title":"Chemotherapy as an adjunct to radiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Baujat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Head and Neck Tumours","author":"Barnes","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10242"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20133"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29208"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701813806"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.11.5501"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000809"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyn022"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.03.057"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0552-1"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.02.049"},{"key":"S0022215116000517_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.11.246"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215116000517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T15:35:16Z","timestamp":1555688116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215116000517\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215116000517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215116000517","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}}}