{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:11:15Z","timestamp":1790226675210,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477267200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n Chronic suppurative otitis media is a neglected condition affecting up to 330 million people worldwide, with the burden of the disease in impoverished countries. The need for non-governmental organisations to hardwire training into their programmes has been highlighted. An ear surgery simulator appropriate for training in resource-poor settings was developed, and its effectiveness in facilitating the acquisition of headlight and microsurgical skills necessary to safely perform procedures via the ear canal was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Face validity was assessed via questionnaires. Six tasks were developed: a headlight foreign body removal task, and microscope tasks of foreign body removal, ventilation tube insertion, tympanomeatal flap raising, myringoplasty and middle-ear manipulation. Participants with varying ENT experience were video-recorded performing each task and scored by a blinded expert observer to assess construct validity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Face validity results confirmed that our Ear Trainer was a realistic representation of the ear. Construct validity results showed a statistically significant trend, with experts performing the best and those with limited experience performing better than novices.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This study validates our Ear Trainer as a useful training tool for assessing headlight and microsurgical skills required to perform otological procedures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215116008811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T07:03:27Z","timestamp":1477292607000},"page":"954-961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Development and validation of a low-cost microsurgery Ear Trainer for low-resource settings"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"M P A","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B D","family":"Westerberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J E","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091214"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60160-X"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62133-3"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100141325"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.10.088"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref11","first-page":"39","article-title":"New registrar induction simulation course: \u2018the ENT boot camp\u2019","volume":"23","author":"Parmar","year":"2014","journal-title":"ENT and Audiology News"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215105000150"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref1","first-page":"225","article-title":"The qualities and conduct of an English surgeon in 1446: as described in a manuscript attributed to Thomas Morstede","volume":"79","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref8","first-page":"287","article-title":"A model for training in grommet insertion","volume":"87","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003485"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2005.00978.x"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(97)89597-9"},{"key":"S0022215116008811_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2008.01745.x"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology & Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215116008811","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T19:22:18Z","timestamp":1555615338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215116008811\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215116008811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215116008811","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}}}