{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:16:55Z","timestamp":1787851015608,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009191_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporomandibular disorder poses a diagnostic challenge to otolaryngologists as orofacial pain, headache and otology symptoms are very common in temporomandibular disorder, and mimic a number of otolaryngological conditions. Missed diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder can lead to unnecessary investigation and treatment, resulting in further patient suffering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009191_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the current literature and propose management pathways for otolaryngologists to correctly differentiate temporomandibular disorder from other otolaryngological conditions, and to initiate effective treatment for temporomandibular disorder in collaboration with other health professionals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009191_sec_a3\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review using PubMed and Medline databases was conducted, and data on temporomandibular disorder in conjunction with otolaryngological symptoms were collected for analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009191_sec_a4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 4155 potential studies, 33 were retrieved for detailed evaluation and 12 met the study criteria. There are questionnaires, examination techniques and radiological investigations presented in the literature to assist with distinguishing between otolaryngological causes of symptoms and temporomandibular disorder. Simple treatment can be initiated by the otolaryngologist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009191_sec_a5\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initial temporomandibular disorder treatment steps can be undertaken by the otolaryngologist, with consideration of referral to dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, or physiotherapists if simple pharmacological treatment or temporomandibular disorder exercise fails.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215116009191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T05:31:40Z","timestamp":1477546300000},"page":"S50-S56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Temporomandibular disorder in otolaryngology: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Stepan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C-K L","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Oue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2006.10.002"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2042618613Y.0000000060"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref10","first-page":"210","article-title":"Development and validation of a screening checklist for temporomandibular disorders","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2013.12.001"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0802472"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701843137"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref15","volume-title":"Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery: Clinical Reference Guide","author":"Pasha","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2006.10.001"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2011.08.002"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2010.02121.x"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/824684"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref8","first-page":"115","article-title":"Treatment outcome of headache after occlusal appliance therapy in a randomised controlled trial among patients with temporomandibular disorders of mainly arthrogenous origin","volume":"26","author":"Elberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref17","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Musculoskeletal Approach to Maxillofacial Pain","author":"Rocabado","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2042618613Y.0000000061"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.94463"},{"key":"S0022215116009191_ref12","first-page":"32","article-title":"The effect of oral motor exercises on patients with myofascial pain of masticatory system. 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