{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:50:35Z","timestamp":1770749435402,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480896000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009658_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared the therapeutic efficacy of steroidal and non-steroidal agents for treating oral lichen planus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009658_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty patients with clinical and\/or histologically proven oral lichen planus were randomly placed into four groups and treated with topical triamcinolone, oral dapsone, topical tacrolimus or topical retinoid for three months. Pre- and post-treatment symptoms and signs were scored for each patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009658_sec_a3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients in all treatment groups showed significant clinical improvement after three months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05), with steroidal and non-steroidal agents having equal efficacy. Furthermore, of the non-steroidal drugs, oral dapsone had greater efficacy than topical retinoid (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences in outcome were recorded for oral dapsone<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>topical tacrolimus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&gt; 0.05) and for topical retinoid<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>topical tacrolimus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215116009658_sec_a4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non-steroidal drugs such as dapsone, tacrolimus and retinoid are as efficacious as steroidal drugs for treating oral lichen planus, and avoid the side effects associated with steroids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215116009658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T10:42:04Z","timestamp":1480934524000},"page":"69-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Efficacy of steroidal<i>vs<\/i>non-steroidal agents in oral lichen planus: a randomised, open-label study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"A R","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Aftab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215116009658_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(66)90007-7"},{"key":"S0022215116009658_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660170064021"},{"key":"S0022215116009658_ref21","first-page":"221","article-title":"Lin AN","volume":"16","author":"Samycia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitors in lichen planus. 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