{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T12:38:33Z","timestamp":1778503113778,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488153600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117000391_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pyriform aperture comprises the central area of facial bone structure. It is formed by the free corners of the nasal bone and the frontal processes of the maxillae, which articulate with each other at the nasomaxillary suture lines. Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis might be linked to various craniofacial problems. This review presents all aspects of pyriform aperture stenosis and enlargement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117000391_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was conducted. Pyriform aperture definition, nasal development, congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis and pyriform aperture enlargement were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117000391_sec_a3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the most common abnormalities is holoprosencephaly, which is a midline developmental deficiency that may also be present in combination with facial clefting. The aetiology of nasal pyriform aperture stenosis remains unclear. When diagnosed, the choice of treatment is between non-surgical and operative methods, depending on the seriousness of the problem. Provided the sufferer can maintain a secure air passage with the help of specialised medical procedures and respiratory tract adjuvants, operative therapy may be delayed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117000391_sec_a4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The operative outcomes are extremely good, and the prognosis relies mainly on coexisting neural and endocrine problems. This paper evaluates the nasal pyriform aperture in detail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215117000391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T09:05:39Z","timestamp":1488186339000},"page":"476-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pyriform aperture enlargement in all aspects"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Esen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Bayar Muluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Altintoprak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Ipci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Cingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.05.018"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2013.12.016"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.01.011"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(03)00018-1"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199905000-00019"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000293880.38769.cc"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880090105027"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/35578628"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.73539"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.01.001"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199401000-00005"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000918"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref7","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Essentials of Facial Growth","author":"Enlow","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198901000-00016"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/07-182.1"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref21","first-page":"42","article-title":"The relief of vestibular nasal obstruction by partial resection of the nasal process of the superior maxilla","volume":"9","author":"Douglas","year":"1952","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000113"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejenta.2013.08.003","article-title":"Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis: the report of four rare cases","volume":"14","author":"Fakhim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.213.2.r99oc38495"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(01)00503-1"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.09.016"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref3","unstructured":"Pyriform Aperture . In: https:\/\/pgblazer.com\/pyriform-aperture\/ [10 April 2016]"},{"key":"S0022215117000391_ref4","unstructured":"Anatomy of the Human Body. 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