{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T14:37:01Z","timestamp":1759847821425},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117001554_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for Eustachian tube dysfunction leading to middle-ear pathology in patients on chronic mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy tube.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117001554_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 40 patients on chronic ventilation were included in a prospective cohort study. Middle-ear status was determined by tympanometry. Tympanograms were categorised as types A, B or C; types B and C were defined as middle-ear pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117001554_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 57 ears of 40 patients were examined. Disease was found in at least 1 ear in 26 out of 40 patients. Middle-ear pathology was found in 25 out of 34 patients who were tube fed (via nasogastric tube or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy)<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>1 patient out of the 6 fed orally (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.014), and in 23 out of 31 with conscious or cognitive impairment<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>3 out of 9 cognitively intact patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.044).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117001554_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Middle-ear pathology is common in patients on chronic mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy tube. The highest prevalence was in those with impaired consciousness or cognition, and oral feeding appeared protective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215117001554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T10:07:17Z","timestamp":1501495637000},"page":"817-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Eustachian tube dysfunction leading to middle-ear pathology in patients on chronic mechanical ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Ilan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E-L","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Farkash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Adelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref9","first-page":"71","article-title":"Tympanometry for middle-ear effusion in unconscious ICU patients","volume":"9","author":"Cavaliere","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116000943"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05172"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref18","first-page":"820","article-title":"Middle ear effects secondary to nasogastric intubation","volume":"16","author":"Vento","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1764-5"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066605282784"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2005.07.021"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131309200807","article-title":"Middle ear effusion in adult ICU patients: a cohort study","volume":"92","author":"Kesser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01887.x"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000145232.46143.40"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1994.01880290029006"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100111673"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01911"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1970.04310040005002"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000079611.28968.CF"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487709128856"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00206099809072988"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.2.368"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref15","first-page":"532","article-title":"Improvement in otitis media with effusion in patients undergoing tracheostomy after prolonged endotracheal intubation","volume":"38","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"S0022215117001554_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.175254","article-title":"Adult onset otitis media with effusion in Lagos","volume":"12","author":"Somefun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; 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