{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:13:56Z","timestamp":1787854436467,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]],"date-time":"2017-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502755200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117001670_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis is thought to induce conductive hearing loss and\/or sensorineural hearing loss. This study evaluated the function of the middle ear and cochlea, and the related factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117001670_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pure tone audiometry, speech reception thresholds, speech discrimination scores, tympanometry, acoustic reflexes, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were assessed in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117001670_sec_a3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pure tone audiometry results revealed a higher bone conduction threshold in the rheumatoid arthritis group, but there was no significant difference when evaluated according to the sensorineural hearing loss definition. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions related prevalence of conductive or mixed hearing loss, tympanometry values, acoustic reflexes, and speech discrimination scores were not significantly different between the two groups. Sensorineural hearing loss was significantly more prevalent in patients who used azathioprine, cyclosporine and etanercept.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215117001670_sec_a4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher bone conduction thresholds in some frequencies were detected in rheumatoid arthritis patients that were not clinically significant. Sensorineural hearing loss is significantly more prevalent in refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215117001670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]],"date-time":"2017-08-15T08:50:49Z","timestamp":1502787049000},"page":"895-899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hearing status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Ahmadzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Daraei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Jalessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A A","family":"Peyvandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L A","family":"Ranjbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Daneshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.31.3.170"},{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0802-z"},{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.8.620"},{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200010000-00013"},{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.09.002"},{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-43"},{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-002-0185-z","article-title":"Hearing loss and middle ear involvement in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Ozcan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-006-0249-6"},{"key":"S0022215117001670_ref10","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Global Burden of Hearing Loss in the Year 2000. 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