{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T17:28:59Z","timestamp":1792344539384,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118000191_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otitis externa is a common presentation to secondary care otolaryngology clinics. Despite this, few studies have investigated the microbiology and antimicrobial resistance of otitis externa. This study aimed to examine these issues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118000191_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis identified 302 swabs taken from 217 patients (100 male, 117 female), between 1 January 2015 and 30 March 2016, at our rapid access otolaryngology clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118000191_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 315 organisms were isolated; the most frequent was <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (31.1 per cent), followed by candida species (22.9 per cent) and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (11.7 per cent). <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was sensitive to ciprofloxacin in 97.7 per cent of cases and to gentamicin in 78.4 per cent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118000191_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with studies worldwide, the relative proportions of different organisms causing otitis externa and the patterns of antimicrobial resistance differ. Increasing resistance of <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> to aminoglycosides demonstrates a changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance that has not been previously reported. Reassuringly, quinolone antibiotics remain highly effective when treating <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215118000191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T08:12:26Z","timestamp":1518423146000},"page":"314-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of otitis externa: a changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Heward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215118000191_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.02.013","article-title":"Systematic review of topical antimicrobial therapy for acute otitis externa","volume":"134","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"S0022215118000191_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.616192","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the efficacy of quinolone containing otics in comparison to antibiotic\u2013steroid combination drugs in the local treatment of otitis externa","volume":"27","author":"M\u00f6sges","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"S0022215118000191_ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis externa","volume":"176","author":"Guthrie","year":"1999","journal-title":"An interdisciplinary update. 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