{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:39:15Z","timestamp":1758271155928},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531353600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118001111_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine whether routine pre-operative analgesia is beneficial in reducing post-operative ear pain following bilateral myringotomy and tube placement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118001111_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-five children (aged 3\u201315 years) were randomised to receive either pre-operative analgesics (paracetamol and ibuprofen) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 21) or placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 24). All children underwent sevoflurane gas induction with intranasal fentanyl (2 mcg\/kg) to reduce the incidence of emergence agitation. Post-operative pain scores were measured using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Median pain scores taken 90 minutes post-surgery, and the highest pain score recorded prior to 90 minutes, were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118001111_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no statistical differences between the median pain scores at 90 minutes or subsequent need for rescue analgesia. Emergence agitation did not occur in any child. Inadvertent ear trauma, use of an intravenous cannula or airway adjunct did not affect pain scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118001111_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Routine pre-operative analgesia does not reduce pain scores in the early post-operative period. Simple analgesics are effective for rescue analgesia in the minority of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215118001111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T06:16:26Z","timestamp":1531376186000},"page":"685-692","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Do children undergoing bilateral myringotomy with placement of ventilating tubes benefit from pre-operative analgesia? A double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"B","family":"McHale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C D","family":"Badenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Blundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199906000-00020"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.6.521"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03022879"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200012000-00006"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.9.1025"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1396885","article-title":"Codeine ultra-rapid metabolizers: age appears to be a key factor in adverse effects of codeine","volume":"65","author":"Heintze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Res (Stuttg)"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1L168"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref34","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines on the Pharmacological Treatment of Persisting Pain in Children with Medical Illnesses","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9702500105","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of paracetamol versus paracetamol, codeine and promethazine (Painstop) for premedication and analgesia for myringotomy in children","volume":"25","author":"Ragg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200105000-00016"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000064206.51296.1D"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000070227.78670.43"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.03.001"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03427.x"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep376"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31817f5c18"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref8","first-page":"687","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of preoperative high dose (40 mg\/kg) oral paracetamol after bilateral myringotomy and grommet insertion in toddlers","volume":"10","author":"Bolton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03008224"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/era.10.77"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03328.x"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(91)90059-K"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198804000-00006"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010107.pub2"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200109000-00027"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03427.x"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref15","unstructured":"Wong-Baker FACES Foundation. Wong-Baker FACES\u00ae Pain Rating Scale. In: http:\/\/wongbakerfaces.org\/ [7 June 2018]"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135244"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199801000-00018"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000062522.21048.61"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref32","volume-title":"Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children","author":"Cote","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.04.014"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref1","first-page":"496","article-title":"Analgesia after bilateral myringotomy and placement of pressure equalization tubes in children: acetaminophen versus acetaminophen with codeine","volume":"81","author":"Tobias","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1997.d01-115.x"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200107000-00019"},{"key":"S0022215118001111_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(90)90029-J"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215118001111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T18:19:25Z","timestamp":1555179565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215118001111\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215118001111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215118001111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]}}}