{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T07:53:18Z","timestamp":1775375598503,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542672000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002013_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epistaxis is a common emergency presentation to ENT. The \u2018Epistaxis 2016: national audit of management\u2019 collected prospective data over a 30-day audit window in 113 centres. A 30-day all-cause mortality rate of 3.4 per cent was identified. This study examines in more detail the subgroup of patients who died during the audit period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002013_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 985 eligible patients identified. Of these, 33 patients died within the audit period. World Health Organization bleeding score, Modified Early Warning System score, haemostasis time, source of referral, co-morbidities and cause of death were investigated from the dataset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002013_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who died were more likely to come from a ward environment, have co-existing cardiovascular disease, diabetes or a bleeding diathesis, be on antithrombotic medication, or have received a blood transfusion. Patients did not die from exsanguination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002013_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epistaxis may be seen as a general marker of poor health and a poor prognostic sign.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215118002013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T11:12:43Z","timestamp":1542712363000},"page":"1061-1066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epistaxis and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"132","author":[{"name":"Integrate (The National ENT Trainee Research Network)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215118002013_ref15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Work Table I. Deaths from each cause by 5-year age groups, race and sex: United States. 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