{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T01:57:21Z","timestamp":1772675841491,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542672000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002049_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare nasal mucociliary clearance in adult non-smokers, cigarette smokers and bidi smokers using the methylene blue dye test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002049_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sample consisted of 20 non-smokers, 20 cigarette smokers and 20 bidi smokers (age range, 20\u201340 years). A single drop of the methylene blue dye was placed at the anterior end of the inferior turbinate of the participants\u2019 nasal cavity. The distance travelled by the methylene blue in 15 minutes inside the nasal cavity was measured. Nasal mucociliary clearance of the three groups was compared using the Kruskal Wallis test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002049_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal mucociliary clearance was significantly decreased in bidi smokers as compared to cigarette smokers and non-smokers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between nasal mucociliary clearance and bidi smoking, number of cigarettes or bidis smoked per day, and pack-years (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002049_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal mucociliary clearance measurement is a simple and useful index for assessing the effect of smoking on the mucociliary activity of nasal mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215118002049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T05:46:54Z","timestamp":1542692814000},"page":"1077-1082","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of bidi smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S S","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Vasthare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215118002049_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.52.030190.001033"},{"key":"S0022215118002049_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-997961"},{"key":"S0022215118002049_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200124040-00005"},{"key":"S0022215118002049_ref23","first-page":"593","article-title":"Smoking during pregnancy: a review of effects on growth and development of offspring","volume":"52","author":"Abel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"S0022215118002049_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719708002810"},{"key":"S0022215118002049_ref20","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Control of Tobacco Related Cancers and Other Diseases. 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