{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T02:50:25Z","timestamp":1776653425438,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548288000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002207_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Pakistan, oral cancer ranks as the most common malignancy in males and the second most common malignancy in females. Cyclooxygenase-2 has been explored as an agent of carcinogenesis in oral and other neoplasms. This study aimed to observe the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to correlate the expression with patients\u2019 clinical features and overall and disease-free survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002207_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunohistochemistry for cyclooxygenase-2 was performed on a total of 100 oral squamous cell carcinoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Expression was correlated with patients\u2019 clinicopathological variables and overall and disease-free survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002207_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cyclooxygenase-2 was overexpressed in 55 per cent of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Overexpression was correlated with overall survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.013) and disease-free survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.001) on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis, cyclooxygenase-2 was associated with only disease-free survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.044) and not overall survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.208).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215118002207_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with poorer overall survival and higher rates of recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215118002207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T09:59:26Z","timestamp":1548323966000},"page":"1102-1109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Significance of immunohistochemical overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in overall and disease-free survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"S M","family":"Adnan Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Zahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215118002207_ref6","first-page":"125","article-title":"Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in Karachi--identification of potential risk factors","volume":"4","author":"Bhurgri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"S0022215118002207_ref19","first-page":"171","article-title":"Expression of 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