{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:46:36Z","timestamp":1767339996354},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S002221512000095X_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the lack of evidence on patients with medically refractory vestibular migraine, this study aimed to identify factors associated with pharmacotherapy failure and progression to botulinum toxin injection in vestibular migraine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S002221512000095X_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on definite vestibular migraine patients from September 2015 to July 2019 who completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory at least six weeks apart..<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S002221512000095X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study comprised 47 patients (mean age = 50.2 \u00b1 15.8 years), with a mean follow-up time of 6.0 \u00b1 6.0 months. The mean pre-treatment Dizziness Handicap Inventory score was 57.5 \u00b1 23.5, with a mean reduction of 17.3 \u00b1 25.2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) at last follow up. Oscillopsia (r = 0.458, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007), failure of first medication (r = 0.518, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and pre-treatment Dizziness Handicap Inventory question 15 (an emotional domain question) score (r = 0.364, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.019) were the only variables significantly correlated with progression to botulinum toxin injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S002221512000095X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motion hypersensitivity, failure of first medication, and fear of social stigmatisation suggest a decreased treatment response. These symptoms may require more aggressive treatment at an earlier stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s002221512000095x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T06:53:24Z","timestamp":1595832804000},"page":"586-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pharmacotherapy failure and progression to botulinum toxin injection in vestibular migraine"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Y F","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Macias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J R","family":"Dornhoffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H G","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.02.020"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/USN.2016.12.01.39"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12941"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13484"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001900"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419869317"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000791"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285616677005"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002311"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2012-0453"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7072659"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00142"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098933"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000151"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref13","first-page":"350","article-title":"Efficacy of antimigrainous therapy in the treatment of migraine-associated dizziness","volume":"18","author":"Bikhazi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870040046011"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00026"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079904125004079"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref11","first-page":"CD010600","article-title":"Pharmacological agents for the prevention of vestibular migraine","author":"Fernandez M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1965.00470020094013"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-0149-2"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.026"},{"key":"S002221512000095X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411417901","article-title":"Guidelines for controlled trials of drugs in migraine: third edition. 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