{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:45:48Z","timestamp":1786999548140,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215121000542_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis patients with biofilms cultured from their sinonasal cavity have greater symptom burden and risk of recalcitrant disease. A number of non-antibiotic, \u2018anti-biofilm\u2019 treatments exist which show anti-biofilm properties in preclinical studies. There is little evidence evaluating their impact on clinical symptom scores in chronic rhinosinusitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215121000542_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was performed to assess the literature regarding the efficacy of non-steroid, non-antibiotic, anti-biofilm specific topical therapies in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. The primary outcome assessed was change in validated patient reported outcome measures before and after anti-biofilm treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215121000542_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen studies assessing the effect of anti-biofilm therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis through validated patient-reported outcome measures were included. Seven different anti-biofilm specific therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis were identified. None of the seven anti-biofilm therapies was identified as being confidently efficacious beyond placebo. Only one therapy (intranasal xylitol) showed a statistically significant reduction in symptom scores compared with placebo in more than one trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215121000542_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Robust evidence supporting the use of various anti-biofilm therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis is lacking. Further high quality, human,\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      trials studying the effect of anti-biofilm therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis are needed to address the deficiencies of the current evidence base.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215121000542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T06:12:05Z","timestamp":1614924725000},"page":"196-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Non-steroid, non-antibiotic anti-biofilm therapy for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Fuzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sideris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T E","family":"Havas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21259"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21898"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21459"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21116"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.401"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21310"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3233-x"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.02.022"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3122"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx192"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2635-5"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3462"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00418"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12728"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3119"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215109992519"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22176"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-011-0166-z"},{"key":"S0022215121000542_ref11","unstructured":"11 Kmet, LM , Lee, RC , Cook, LS . 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