{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T15:33:54Z","timestamp":1767713634924},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Tympanostomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in otolaryngology, and its complexity is challenging for trainee surgeons. Investing in medical education is a cornerstone of good patient safety practices. For trainees, use of simulators before operating on actual patients helps mitigate risks. This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional printed model simulator for myringotomy, tympanostomy and ventilation tube placement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>An articulated model with a detachable portion, base and plastic bag to simulate the external auditory canal, middle ear and tympanic membrane, respectively, was modelled and printed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The final simulator was made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer and measured 4 \u00d7 4 \u00d7 12 cm. It was designed to mimic the angulation of patient anatomy in the myringotomy position and simulate the texture and colour of the tissues of interest. The cost was low, and testing with an operating microscope and endoscope yielded satisfactory results. The advent of three-dimensional printing technology has made surgical simulation more accessible and less expensive, providing several advantages for medical education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The proposed model fulfilled expectations as a safe, inexpensive, reproducible, user-friendly and accessible surgical education tool that can be improved and reassessed for further research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215121001146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T08:48:03Z","timestamp":1620290883000},"page":"420-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A three-dimensional printed myringotomy, tympanostomy and ventilation tube placement simulator"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Ferreira e Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Chist\u00e9 Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I I","family":"Couceiro Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Martins Umbelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V C","family":"Aguiar Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"de Borborema Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L J","family":"Almeida Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref5","first-page":"509","article-title":"The use of simulators in the learning for otologic surgery [in Portuguese]","volume":"15","author":"de Sousa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq Int Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25410"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1803-8"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2009.038562"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32412\/pjohns.v33i2.259"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808-86942010000100021"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2016.09.007"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref3","first-page":"57","article-title":"Simulation in medical education: a necessary change [in Portuguese]","volume":"13","author":"Luna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista HUPE"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/smj.2011.011098"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-2098.173673"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ambulatory surgery in the United States","author":"Cullen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"S0022215121001146_ref11","unstructured":"11 American Academy of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery. AAAO-HNSF clinical practice guideline: tympanostomy tubes in children. 2013. 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Wolters Kluwer Health. Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia C\u00e9rvico-Facial. 2007. 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