{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T08:42:35Z","timestamp":1761986555392},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215121001225_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 as a primary receptor for invasion. This study investigated angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression in the sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, as this could be linked to a susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215121001225_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethmoid sinus specimens were obtained from 27 patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, 18 with non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and 18 controls. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and other inflammatory cytokine and chemokine messenger RNA levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 positive cells were examined immunohistologically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215121001225_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients showed a significant decrease in angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 messenger RNA expression. In the chronic rhinosinusitis patients, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 messenger RNA levels were positively correlated with tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2 (r = 0.4971 and r = 0.3082, respectively), and negatively correlated with eotaxin-3 (r = \u22120.2938). Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 immunoreactivity was mainly localised in the ciliated epithelial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215121001225_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients with type 2 inflammation showed decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression in their sinus mucosa. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 regulation was positively related to pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 production, in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215121001225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T10:42:30Z","timestamp":1619779350000},"page":"773-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differential expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in human paranasal sinus mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Kawasumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Takeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Ishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Hamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Takemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Horibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12644"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.07.002"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101623"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref11","first-page":"123","article-title":"European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510410s02"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22672"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa644"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.003"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13057"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25785"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2507"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03712"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.23.14614-14621.2005"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032867"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600640"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.02.071"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-005-1359-4"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030841"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.5.e1"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.004"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199403000-00020"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25748"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19145-6"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"S0022215121001225_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; 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