{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:44:51Z","timestamp":1786999491445,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215121004151_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to a need for alternative teaching methods in facial plastics. This systematic review aimed to identify facial plastics simulation models, and assess their validity and efficacy as training tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215121004151_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature searches were performed. The Beckman scale was used for validity. The McGaghie Modified Translational Outcomes of Simulation-Based Mastery Learning score was used to evaluate effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215121004151_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 29 studies were selected. These simulated local skin flaps (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9), microtia frameworks (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5), pinnaplasty (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), facial nerve anastomosis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), oculoplastic procedures (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5), and endoscopic septoplasty and septorhinoplasty simulators (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10). Of these models, 14 were deemed to be high-fidelity, 13 low-fidelity and 2 mixed-fidelity. None of the studies published common outcome measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215121004151_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Simulators in facial plastic surgical training are important. These models may have some training benefits, but most could benefit from further assessment of validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215121004151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T04:57:36Z","timestamp":1639630656000},"page":"197-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A systematic review of facial plastic surgery simulation training models"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6835-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M A","family":"Mohd Slim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Lechner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T D","family":"Milner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Okhovat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215121004151_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/14-079R"},{"key":"S0022215121004151_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181a394c1"},{"key":"S0022215121004151_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.70743"},{"key":"S0022215121004151_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1583186"},{"key":"S0022215121004151_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21887"},{"key":"S0022215121004151_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b17bf5"},{"key":"S0022215121004151_ref2","unstructured":"2 ENT UK. 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