{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T06:27:43Z","timestamp":1753684063050,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215121004655_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether: the N95 respirator affects nasal valve patency; placement on the bony vault improves patency; and external nasal anatomy affects the outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215121004655_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective study with 50 participants was conducted. Nasal patency was measured by the minimal cross-sectional area via acoustic rhinometry, and using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation survey, before and after wearing the N95 respirator and after adjustment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215121004655_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The minimal cross-sectional area was narrowed by 27 per cent when wearing the N95 respirator (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and improved by 9.2 per cent after adjustment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). The total Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation score increased from 10.2 to 25.4 after donning the N95 respirator (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and decreased from 25.4 to 15.6 after adjustment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). There was no correlation with external nasal anatomy parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215121004655_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wearing the N95 respirator causes narrowing of the nasal valve, and adjustment onto the bony vault improves symptoms. The findings were not affected by external nasal anatomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215121004655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T08:34:25Z","timestamp":1641803665000},"page":"333-340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of wearing an N95 respirator on the internal nasal valve and the association with external nasal anatomy \u2013 a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4209-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I O S","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K C M","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S K Y","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V J","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T S C","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P K M","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"van Hasselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M C F","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000095439.98488.e6"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.001"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.124"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref1","unstructured":"1 COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at John Hopkins University (JHU). In: http:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/map.html [31 May 2021]"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198301000-00009"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1253507"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.09.016"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref4","unstructured":"4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Respirators. In: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/respirators-strategy\/index.html [9 April 2021]"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23770"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1971.00770060704004"},{"key":"S0022215121004655_ref13","unstructured":"13 World Health Organization. Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide. 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In: https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/ [31 May 2021]"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215121004655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T09:13:08Z","timestamp":1651223588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215121004655\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215121004655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215121004655","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-2151"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1748-5460"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]}}}