{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T14:33:48Z","timestamp":1772634828211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S002221512200010X_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three-dimensional endoscopes provide a stereoscopic view of the operating field, facilitating depth perception compared to two-dimensional systems, but are not yet widely accepted. Existing research addresses performance and preference, but there are no studies that quantify anatomical orientation in endoscopic ear surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S002221512200010X_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 70) were randomised in starting with either the two-dimensional or three-dimensional endoscope system to perform one of two tasks: anatomical orientation using a labelled three-dimensional printed silicone model of the middle ear, or simulated endoscopic skills. Scores and time to task completion were recorded, as well as self-reported difficulty, confidence and preference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S002221512200010X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Novice surgeons scored significantly higher in a test of anatomical orientation using three-dimensional compared to two-dimensional endoscopy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), with no significant difference in the speed of simulated endoscopic skills task completion. For both tasks, there was lower self-reported difficulty and increased confidence when using the three-dimensional endoscope. Participants preferred three-dimensional over two-dimensional endoscopy for both tasks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S002221512200010X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings demonstrate the superiority of three-dimensional endoscopy in anatomical orientation, specific to endoscopic ear surgery, with statistically indistinguishable performance in a skills task using a simulated trainer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s002221512200010x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T05:40:53Z","timestamp":1641793253000},"page":"141-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional endoscopes in anatomical orientation of the middle ear and in simulated surgical tasks"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Denton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Monklands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Brahmabhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Gwent Hospital, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2017.01.011"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27812"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5477-1"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-016-1526-9"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-018-3121-8"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3487-9"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2016.12.002"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-4793-1"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.1765"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.07.030"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-2055-9"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-017-0686-0"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.05.130"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2014.10.004"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-004-8272-8"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SLA.0000060680.92690.E9"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4681-z"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4189-7"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2014.11.007"},{"key":"S002221512200010X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2012.0220"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S002221512200010X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:43:52Z","timestamp":1772610232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S002221512200010X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S002221512200010X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s002221512200010x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]}}}