{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:14:09Z","timestamp":1780092849452,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002146_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epistaxis is one of the most common emergencies presenting to the ENT service, and silver nitrate cautery is the mainstay of epistaxis treatment in most centres worldwide. This review aimed to ascertain the historical evidence behind current common practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002146_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A review was conducted of historical published literature pertaining to epistaxis management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002146_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Silver in medicine dates back to 4000 BC, with silver nitrate first being used in 69 BC. Modern medical use for epistaxis is documented in case reports over the last 200 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002146_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The precise origin and evidence-based practice of using silver nitrate for epistaxis is not well-established or understood. The mechanism of action is questionable; novel research of silver nitrate for this common ENT emergency presentation may be required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215122002146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T09:55:36Z","timestamp":1664272536000},"page":"962-964","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Historical use of silver nitrate for the management of epistaxis \u2013 evidence-based practice?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9772-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9429-3283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H","family":"Tailor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Keh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348943304200410"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1936.02770310015006"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref28","first-page":"CD004461","article-title":"Interventions for recurrent idiopathic epistaxis (nosebleeds) in children","author":"Qureishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215117002018"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref17","first-page":"S171","article-title":"On spontaneous nosebleeds [in German]","volume":"21","author":"Bandler","year":"1887","journal-title":"Pr\u00e4ger Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2008.01803.x"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215119002056"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref33","first-page":"237","article-title":"Ear, nose, and throat emergencies and problems","volume":"11","author":"Erkenbeck","year":"1954","journal-title":"Med Bull US Army Eur"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.10.014"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119617181"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref5","unstructured":"5 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive (Summer 2022 Edition). Albert the Great. In: https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/sum2022\/entries\/albert-great\/ [8 July 2022]"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref14","first-page":"349","article-title":"Notes and observations on certain forms of epistaxis","volume":"41","author":"Fullerton","year":"1894","journal-title":"Glasgow Med J"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-997547"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref12","first-page":"567","article-title":"On the treatment of the hemorrhagic diathesis","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"1842","journal-title":"Lond Edinb Mon J Med Sci"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1971.02100120037001"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref10","unstructured":"10 British Library, India Office Records, European Manuscripts, MSS EUR F171\/33\/3, page 109"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.12.014"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1884.02390660005001b"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref6","unstructured":"6 ReAgent. What Is Silver Nitrate? In: https:\/\/www.chemicals.co.uk\/blog\/what-is-silver-nitrate [8 July 2022]"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref7","volume-title":"Argyria; the Pharmacology of Silver","author":"Hill","year":"1939"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-190003000-00005"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref4","unstructured":"4 ReAgent. What Are the Medical Uses of Silver Nitrate? In: https:\/\/www.chemicals.co.uk\/blog\/what-are-the-medical-uses-of-silver-nitrate [8 July 2022]"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-193203000-00008"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5055.1231"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.9941"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100078749"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1895.02430470007002b"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref13","volume-title":"The Science and Art of Surgery","author":"Erichsen","year":"1854"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130508400115"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2008.01619.x"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref20","first-page":"147","article-title":"Instrument for arresting epistaxis","volume":"2","author":"Gabriel","year":"1851","journal-title":"Am J Dent Sci"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2003.00727.x"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02975703"},{"key":"S0022215122002146_ref1","first-page":"129","article-title":"The frequency of epistaxis in a male population sample","volume":"13","author":"Petruson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Rhinology"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215122002146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T08:12:30Z","timestamp":1693987950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215122002146\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215122002146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215122002146","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]}}}