{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T18:28:40Z","timestamp":1780424920044,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002389_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smell impairment affects 60\u201380 per cent of individuals aged over 80 years. This review aimed to identify any association between vitamin D deficiency and smell impairment, and determine the efficacy of vitamin D to treat smell impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002389_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was conducted across four databases between the years 2000 and 2022. The literature screen was performed by two independent reviewers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002389_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven articles were included in this review. Four studies examined the association between vitamin D deficiency and smell impairment, with three studies identifying a significant relationship. Three studies investigated the use of vitamin D as treatment for smell impairment, which found complete resolution or significant symptom improvement after vitamin D deficiency was treated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002389_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review identified limited studies on this topic. 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