{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T10:40:57Z","timestamp":1770460857137,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002559_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Make-at-home nasal irrigation solutions are often recommended for treating chronic rhinosinusitis. Many patients will store pre-made solution for convenient use. This study investigated the microbiological properties of differing recipes and storage temperatures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002559_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three irrigation recipes (containing sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and sucrose) were stored at 5<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>C and 22<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>C. Further samples were inoculated with <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Sampling and culturing were conducted at intervals from day 0\u201312 to examine for bacterial presence or persistence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002559_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant bacterial growth was detected in any control solution stored at 5<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>C. Saline solutions remained relatively bacterial free, with poor survival of inoculated bacteria, which may be related to either lower pH or lower osmolality. Storing at room temperature increased the risk of contamination in control samples, particularly from pseudomonas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002559_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>If refrigerated, pre-made nasal irrigation solutions can be stored safely for up to 12 days without risking cross-contamination to irrigation equipment or patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215122002559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T10:22:07Z","timestamp":1670840527000},"page":"794-798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Do variations in nasal irrigation recipes and storage effect the risk of bacterial contamination?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9149-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J D","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Collingwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P K","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02783-16"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3338"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21031"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1982.tb00149.x"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.401"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13085"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref20","first-page":"108","article-title":"International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: allergic rhinitis","volume":"8","author":"Wise","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref2","first-page":"458","article-title":"Identification of bacterial contaminants in sinus irrigation bottles from chronic rhinosinusitis patients","volume":"39","author":"Lewenza","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12956"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.12.001"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3481"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13665"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418762872"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref11","first-page":"135","article-title":"Effect of saline nasal irrigation with different temperature on the clinical symptoms and the level of inflammatory factors in patients with allergic rhinitis [in Chinese]","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20192720"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3805"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029031"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23617"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2015.08.001"},{"key":"S0022215122002559_ref14","first-page":"109","article-title":"Treatment of allergic rhinitis with normal saline nasal irrigation at different temperature [in Chinese]","volume":"49","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; 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