{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:34:19Z","timestamp":1761294859774,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002560_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transorbital endoscopic approaches are becoming increasingly popular for skull base pathologies; the superior lateral orbital portal is one such approach to the middle cranial fossa. This paper provides a technical description that maximises the surgical portal and minimises morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002560_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Technical description<\/jats:title><jats:p>A superior lid crease incision is made extending laterally and the orbital rim is exposed. A subperiosteal dissection of the lateral and superior orbit is performed, with elevation of periosteum off Whitnall's tubercle, ligation of the recurrent branch of the middle meningeal artery, and identification of the superior orbital fissure. The lacrimal keyhole is then drilled away. The middle cranial fossa is accessed by drilling posterior to the orbital rim to expose: the temporalis muscle anterior-laterally, the dura of the temporal lobe posterior-laterally, the anterior cranial fossa superiorly and the periorbita medially.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215122002560_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These surgical steps can maximise the surgical portal and minimise morbidity, with avoidance of injury to surrounding structures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215122002560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T10:22:08Z","timestamp":1670840528000},"page":"1401-1405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tips and tricks for maximising access to the middle cranial fossa using the superior lateral orbital portal"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6679-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T A","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Mustak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D E","family":"Lubbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.07.152"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref12","first-page":"426","article-title":"On a tubercle on the malar bone, and on the lateral attachments of the tarsal plates","volume":"45","author":"Whitnall","year":"1911","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21280"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02546-z"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12722"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.4.JNS162749"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01470-5"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opx256"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713900","article-title":"Endoscopic orbital and periorbital approaches in minimally disruptive skull base surgery","volume":"81","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref15","first-page":"223","article-title":"Homologies of the meningeal-orbital arteries of humans: a reappraisal","volume":"178","author":"Diamond","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.8.JNS16465"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.7.JNS21996"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref18","first-page":"11","article-title":"Lateral transorbital neuroendoscopic approach to the lateral cavernous sinus","volume":"75","author":"Bly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418516700600304"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.12.1618"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713854","article-title":"Transorbital endoscopic surgery for sphenoid wing meningioma: long-term outcomes and surgical technique","volume":"81","author":"Goncalves","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref2","article-title":"Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery","volume":"67","author":"Moe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"S0022215122002560_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.JNS20297"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; 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