{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:23:07Z","timestamp":1781014987862,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215123000543_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review evaluated the safety profile and efficacy of probiotics in chronic rhinosinusitis and was registered with Prospero (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination number: 42020193529).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215123000543_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Literature databases were searched through inception to August 2022. Randomised, controlled trials exploring adjunctive probiotics in adult chronic rhinosinusitis patients were included. From 948 records screened, 4 randomised, controlled trials were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215123000543_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics-associated adverse effects comprised epistaxis and abdominal pain. No reduction in Sino-Nasal Outcome Test values before 4 weeks (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.58) or beyond 8 weeks (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.08) of treatment or reduction of severe symptom frequency (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.75) was observed. Symptom relapse in probiotic-treated patients was significantly lower across all timepoints (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.045). Lower sinusitis relapse risks during treatment (risk ratio = 0.49; <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.019) and 8 months post-treatment (risk ratio = 0.56, <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.013) were observed. Probiotics demonstrated potential in improving Sino-Nasal Outcome Test symptom subscales, including sleep, psychological and rhinology subscales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215123000543_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal mode of probiotic administration, treatment duration and target patient subgroups requires further study to evaluate the utility of probiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215123000543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T09:43:08Z","timestamp":1680255788000},"page":"1300-1311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role of probiotics in chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review of randomised, controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7828-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P","family":"Fong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gnanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Charn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-010-0127-6"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810391620"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320967727"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22521"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21762"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00530"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-014-0504-y"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref36","first-page":"27","article-title":"Probiotics in the add-on treatment of rhinosinusitis: a clinical experience","volume":"34","author":"La Mantia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509991395"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21279"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22185"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref34","first-page":"622","article-title":"Reduction of acute recurrence in patients with chronic recurrent hypertrophic sinusitis by treatment with a bacterial immunostimulant (Enterococcus faecalis Bacteriae of human origin)","volume":"52","author":"Habermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27470"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4220"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22741"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.93"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref11","first-page":"983635","article-title":"Probiotics in the treatment of chronic rhinoconjunctivitis and chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"2014","author":"Kramer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy (Cairo)"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.899553"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis","volume":"152","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2015.0172"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.524"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin19.080"},{"key":"S0022215123000543_ref32","unstructured":"32 JE, T. 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