{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:45:48Z","timestamp":1786999548187,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Fibre-optic laryngoscopy is still widely used in daily clinical practice; however, high-definition laryngoscopy using narrow band imaging could be more reliable in characterising pharyngeal and laryngeal lesions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Endoscopic videos were assessed in a tertiary referral hospital by 12 observers with different levels of clinical experience. Thirty pairs of high-definition laryngoscopy with narrow band imaging and fibre-optic laryngoscopy videos were judged twice, with an interval of two to four weeks, in a random order. Inter- and intra-observer reliability, sensitivity and specificity were calculated in terms of detecting a malignant lesion and a specific histological entity, for beginners, trained observers and experts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Using high-definition laryngoscopy with narrow band imaging, inter-observer reliability for detecting malignant lesions increased from moderate to substantial in trained observers and experts (high-definition laryngoscopy with narrow band imaging \u03ba = 0.66 and \u03ba = 0.77\n vs<\/jats:italic>\n fibre-optic laryngoscopy \u03ba = 0.51 and \u03ba = 0.56, for trained observers and experts respectively) and sensitivity increased by 16 per cent.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Inter-observer reliability increased with the level of clinical experience, especially when using high-definition laryngoscopy with narrow band imaging.<\/jats:p>\n 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