{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T05:13:58Z","timestamp":1768886038766,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0022215124000124_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of different types of masks (N95\/filtering facepiece type 2, surgical) and Eustachian tube dysfunction in healthcare workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215124000124_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 37 healthcare workers using N95\/filtering facepiece type 2 masks and 35 using surgical masks for at least 6 hours per day, and 42 volunteers who are not healthcare workers using surgical masks for less than 6 hours per day. Participants\u2019 demographic features, clinical data and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire scores were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215124000124_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequencies of autophony and aural fullness were significantly higher in the healthcare workers using N95\/filtering facepiece type 2 masks. Autophony and aural fullness were significantly greater in the post-mask period than the pre-mask period. Middle-ear peak pressures and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire scores were higher in healthcare workers who used N95\/filtering facepiece type 2 masks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0022215124000124_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthcare workers who used N95\/filtering facepiece type 2 masks had worsened middle-ear pressures and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire scores. Use of N95\/filtering facepiece type 2 masks was associated with higher rates of autophony, aural fullness and higher Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire scores in the post-mask period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215124000124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T10:54:21Z","timestamp":1705316061000},"page":"755-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Eustachian tube dysfunction after using different types of masks during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0392-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nesibe G\u00fcl","family":"Y\u00fcksel Asl\u0131er","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mesut","family":"Karata\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215124000124_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2004-199","article-title":"Medical mask or N95 respirator: when and how to use","volume":"50","author":"Azap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"S0022215124000124_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"081913","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0061574","article-title":"N95 respirator mask breathing leads to excessive carbon dioxide inhalation and reduced heat transfer in a human nasal cavity","volume":"33","author":"Salati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Fluids (1994)"},{"key":"S0022215124000124_ref7","first-page":"146","article-title":"The role of the Eustachian tube in middle ear disease","volume":"81","author":"Tysome","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"S0022215124000124_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12745","article-title":"Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"14","author":"Bartoszko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"S0022215124000124_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000703500205","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficiency of medical masks and the creation of new medical masks","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Med Res"},{"key":"S0022215124000124_ref21","first-page":"384","article-title":"Evaluation of N95 respirator use with a surgical mask cover: effects on breathing resistance and inhaled carbon dioxide","volume":"57","author":"Sinkule","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"S0022215124000124_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4344","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084344","article-title":"Is a mask that covers the mouth and nose free from undesirable side effects in everyday use and free of potential hazards","volume":"18","author":"Kisielinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"S0022215124000124_ref19","unstructured":"19 World Health Organization. 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Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations: scientific brief, 29 March 2020. 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