{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:03:10Z","timestamp":1779667390244,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215125103563_sec1a\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate morphological and signal changes of the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) of varying aetiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215125103563_sec2b\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of 135 patients with post\u2013coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), post-viral, or post-traumatic OD was conducted. High-resolution MRI was used to assess AON signal intensity and area, as well as olfactory bulb (OB) morphology. Clinical evaluation included Threshold (T), Discrimination (D), and Identification (I) scores and the presence of parosmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215125103563_sec3c\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AON signal abnormalities were present in 55.5 % of cases. Post\u2013COVID-19 patients had significantly lower TDI scores than other groups. While AON signal and morphological differences were observed across aetiologies, a consistent correlation with TDI scores was not found, except in limited subgroup analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215125103563_sec4d\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormalities of the AON are common in OD, but do not reliably indicate severity or aetiology. Further research is needed to determine their clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215125103563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T07:32:11Z","timestamp":1760599931000},"page":"52-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of anterior olfactory nucleus changes on magnetic resonance imaging: could it be a game changer in smell disorders?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz Esin","family":"Tekcan Sanli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Gaziantep University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duzgun","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Mese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uskudar State Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eren","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acibadem Taksim Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Saatci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sancaktepe Education and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet Necati","family":"Sanli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADN International Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aytug","family":"Altundag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Dr. Aytug Altundag Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06496-5"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0876-6"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.179"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000382"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.02.001"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07781-1"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2023.102486"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4102"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref20","first-page":"97","article-title":"Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: a cohort study and update","volume":"5","author":"Collet","year":"2009","journal-title":"B-ENT"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83621-2"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25741"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.03.055"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.12.026"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13033"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812459704"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109290"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03367-7"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjh169"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10659-6"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06233-y"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-024-01470-7"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26606"},{"key":"S0022215125103563_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.10.019"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; 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