{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T07:55:15Z","timestamp":1790582115290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215126105507_sec1a\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of vitamin A and retinoid analogues for adult olfactory dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215126105507_sec2b\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2025 for clinical studies evaluating vitamin A or retinoids. Eligible designs included randomised trials, controlled trials, prospective cohorts and large case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215126105507_sec3c\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight studies including 589 participants were identified. Findings were inconsistent: observational studies and pilot trials suggested possible benefit, particularly in post-infectious disease and with olfactory training, whereas two randomised trials found no significant added benefit. Safety reporting was limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0022215126105507_sec4d\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current evidence does not support routine vitamin A treatment for olfactory dysfunction. Any benefit is uncertain and may be phenotype-, route- or dose-specific; adequately powered trials using standardised endpoints and adverse-event reporting are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215126105507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T08:57:26Z","timestamp":1784105846000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin A and retinoids in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7739-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030j6qm79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northwick Park Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilen","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030j6qm79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northwick Park Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heide","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030j6qm79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northwick Park Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215126105507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:59:11Z","timestamp":1790578751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215126105507\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0022215126105507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215126105507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]}}}