{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:45:16Z","timestamp":1777538716583,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2310,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin A (VA) deficiency compromises antibody responses to T-cell-dependent antigens such as tetanus toxoid, but this effect can be reversed through administration of retinol or retinoic acid (RA). To test whether RA and polyriboinosinioc : polyribocytidylic acid (PIC), a known inducer of several forms of interferon (IFN), can cooperate to increase specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM production during VA deficiency, rats and mice were made VA-deficient, immunized with TT and treated with all-<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-RA, PIC or their combination. VA-deficient rats produced low primary and secondary anti-tetanus IgG responses (VA-deficient controls<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. VA-sufficient controls<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0\u00b7001), although total IgG was slightly elevated when compared with VA-sufficient control rats. Although RA administered alone elevated antibody production during VA deficiency to control levels, RA combined with PIC synergistically enhanced these responses (RA and PIC group<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. all other groups<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0\u00b70001). In contrast, Balb\/c mice maintained on a VA-deficient diet and immunized in a similar fashion showed no impairment in antigen-specific IgG levels, but treatment with a combination of RA and PIC still evoked an additive enhancement in antigen-specific antibody production. Additionally, RA and PIC administration to VA-sufficient mice resulted in elevated antibody responses, suggesting that this combination should be evaluated further for its immuno-stimulatory effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665100000756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]],"date-time":"2011-02-25T11:22:14Z","timestamp":1298632934000},"page":"519-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["All-<i>trans<\/i>-retinoic acid and polyriboinosinoic : polyribocytidylic acid cooperate to elevate anti-tetanus immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M responses in vitamin A-deficient Lewis rats and Balb\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Kathleen L.","family":"DeCicco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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