{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:12:09Z","timestamp":1790831529190,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2310,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Complex inter-relationships exist between certain micronutrients, immune function and disease resistance in cattle. Several micronutrients have been shown to influence immune responses. The relationship between deficiencies of some micronutrients and disease resistance is less clear. A number of studies have indicated that Cr supplementation may improve cell-mediated and humoral immune response as well as resistance to respiratory infections in stressed cattle. With respiratory-disease challenge models Cr generally does not affect disease resistance. Deficiencies of Cu, Se, vitamin E and Co in cattle reduce the ability of isolated neutrophils to kill yeast and\/or bacteria. Cu deficiency reduces antibody production, but cell-mediated immunity is generally not altered. However, Cu deficiency appears to reduce production of interferon and tumour necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. Numerous studies have linked low vitamin E and\/or Se status to increased susceptibility of dairy cows to intramammary infections. In contrast to findings in laboratory animals, marginal Zn deficiency does not appear to impair antibody production or lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogen stimulation in ruminants. Co deficiency has been associated with reduced resistance to parasitic infections. It is well documented that vitamin A-deficient animals are more susceptible to various types of infections. \u03b2-Carotene, possibly via its antioxidant properties, may affect immune function and disease resistance independent of its role as a precursor of vitamin A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665100000835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]],"date-time":"2011-02-25T11:22:14Z","timestamp":1298632934000},"page":"587-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Micronutrients and immune function in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Jerry W.","family":"Spears","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref079","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of chromium and copper on performance and immune function of stressed steers","volume":"78","author":"Wright","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref063","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Human Nutrition \u2013 A Comprehensive Treatise","author":"Stabel","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(86)80382-4"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(89)90034-2"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19860069"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(95)05539-8"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref011","first-page":"148","article-title":"Effects of supplemental chromium on antibody responses of newly weaned feedlot calves to immunization with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza 3 virus","volume":"58","author":"Burton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(05)80486-5"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/118.2.229"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas96-009"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref077","first-page":"85","article-title":"Marginal zinc deficiency in pregnant Merino ewes","volume":"18","author":"White","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(90)90055-8"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.179.4073.588"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(87)90069-8"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78569-X"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(05)80745-6"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref057","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Human Nutrition \u2013 A Comprehensive Treatise","author":"Prohaska","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1986.632586x"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.11.070191.001005"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.751217x"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76105-8"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.71102748x"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(95)05452-C"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1984.45.09.1715","article-title":"Effects of selenium on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in goats","volume":"45","author":"Aziz","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref046","first-page":"133","article-title":"Supplemental Cr and revaccination effects on performance and health of newly weaned calves","volume":"72","author":"Lindell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.7392721x"},{"key":"S0029665100000835_ref036","unstructured":"Gengelbach GP (1994) Effects of copper deficiency on cellular immunity in cattle. 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