{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:15:50Z","timestamp":1787732150906,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]],"date-time":"2010-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275004800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human individuals require at least 20 inorganic elements (\u2018minerals\u2019) for normal functioning. However, much of the world's population is probably deficient in one or more essential minerals and at increased risk of physiological disorders. Addressing these \u2018hidden hungers\u2019 is a challenge for the nutrition and agriculture sectors. Mineral deficiencies among populations are typically identified from dietary surveys because (1) minerals are acquired primarily from dietary sources and (2) (bio)assays of mineral status can be unreliable. While dietary surveys are likely to under-report energy intakes, surveys show that 9% of all UK and US adults consume Ca and Mg, and 14% of adults consume K, at quantities below the UK lower reference nutrient intake, and are therefore at risk of deficiency. Low dietary Ca, Mg and K intakes can be caused by energy-malnourishment and by cultural and economic factors driving dietary conservatism. For example, cereal grains routinely displace vegetables and fruits in the diet. Cereal grains have low concentrations of several minerals, notably Ca, as a consequence of their physiology. Low grain mineral concentrations are compounded when cereal crops are grown in soils of low mineral phytoavailability and when grain is processed. In this paper, the impact of increased vegetable consumption and horticultural biofortification, i.e. enhancing crop mineral content through breeding and agronomy, on intakes of the major minerals Ca, Mg and K is assessed. Despite low energy intake from horticultural crops generally, increased vegetable consumption and biofortification would significantly improve dietary intakes of Ca, Mg and K.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665110001588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]],"date-time":"2010-05-28T12:44:46Z","timestamp":1275050686000},"page":"601-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Eats roots and leaves. Can edible horticultural crops address dietary calcium, magnesium and potassium deficiencies?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Broadley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref059","first-page":"277","article-title":"Magnesium in New Zealand soils. I. Some factors governing the availability of soil magnesium: a review","volume":"2","author":"Metson","year":"1974","journal-title":"N Z J Exp Agric"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(00)01863-X"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010620227913"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eri215"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref051","unstructured":"51. R\u00f6mheld V & Kirkby EA (2007) Magnesium functions in crop nutrition and yield. Proceedings 616, International Fertiliser Society, York, UK. pp. 1\u201324."},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11816-009-0112-9"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcp253"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref008","volume-title":"The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years. Summary Report","author":"Hoare","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(00)00301-1"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref007","volume-title":"The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Adults Aged 19\u201364 Years. Volume 3: Vitamin and Mineral Intake and Urinary Analysis","author":"Henderson","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref005","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.609S"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507433086"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MOLB.0000047773.20175.ae"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-004-1340-4"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-005-3057-2"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/PLN-200026431"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcg164"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.1997.00787.x"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2009.04.013"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref016","unstructured":"16. Statutory Instrument (1998) No. 141, The Bread and Flour Regulations 1998. Available at http:\/\/www.opsi.gov.uk\/si\/si1998\/19980141.htm (accessed 13 December 2009)."},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-1009-2"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jexbot\/52.358.891"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erh002"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.74"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref049","volume-title":"Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants","author":"Marschner","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref006","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref010","volume-title":"McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf063119l"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.02078.x"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.129.4.0523","article-title":"Genetic variability influences carotenoid, vitamin, phenolic, and mineral content in white, yellow, purple, orange, and dark-orange carrot cultivars","volume":"129","author":"Nicolle","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Horticultural Sci"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref001","volume-title":"Report on Health and Social Subjects: 41. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004240511210"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.1427"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref032","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Plant Nutritional Genomics","author":"Grusak","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602758"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.066266"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.125.3.344","article-title":"Calcium and magnesium concentration of inbred and hybrid broccoli heads","volume":"125","author":"Farnham","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Horticultural Sci"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref003","unstructured":"3. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2009) Food Security Statistics [online]. Available at http:\/\/www.fao.org\/economic\/ess\/food-security-statistics\/en\/ (accessed 13 December 2009)."},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf970032e"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref002","volume-title":"The Elements","author":"Emsley","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref060","unstructured":"60. Draycott AP & Allison MF (1998) Magnesium fertilisers in soil and plants: comparisons and usage. Proceedings 412, International Fertiliser Society, York, UK. pp. 1\u201328."},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-008-9625-1"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2257856"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.107.114645"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050531c"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref011","unstructured":"11. USDA-ARS (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service) (2009) USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 22. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page. Available at http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ba\/bhnrc\/ndl (accessed 13 December 2009)."},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3250"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013917701701"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709005105"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.44.1.6","article-title":"Relationships between yield and mineral concentrations in potato tubers","volume":"44","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-007-9466-3"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mci065"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2005.10.001"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-009-0234-4"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/PLN-120006055"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7652.2008.00379.x"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02738.x"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2006490"},{"key":"S0029665110001588_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erg143"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0029665110001588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T16:57:15Z","timestamp":1556384235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0029665110001588\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0029665110001588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0029665110001588","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6651","1475-2719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6651","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2719","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]]}}}